部队人群甲肝疫苗接种的成本—效益分析

发布时间：2018-10-05 10:57

【摘要】：目的 :筛选出经济有效的部队预防甲型病毒性肝炎的方案 ,为部队制定甲型病毒性肝炎防制策略提供依据。方法 :在决策理论模型的基础上 ,进行成本—效益分析 ;同时通过灵敏度分析法检验模型的稳定性。结果 :对于新兵、老兵、干部三组人群 ,其先筛选再接种方案的效益成本比 (BCR)均大于直接接种方案。三组人群之间比较 ,两种接种方案的BCR值均表现为干部高于新兵 ,新兵高于老兵 ,但两种方案均产生负效益。灵敏度分析结果显示 :各项费用参数值的减少对方案的BCR值有一定影响。随着疫苗保护期限延长 ,方案的BCR值显著增加 ,且接种方案有可能产生正效益。疫苗保护率的变化对BCR影响不明显。结论 :进一步降低接种方案的筛选费、疫苗费及提高疫苗保护作用的持久性 ,是部队开展大规模甲肝预防接种取得正效益的关键所在。
[Abstract]:Objective: to select an economical and effective scheme for preventing viral hepatitis A in army, and to provide evidence for making prevention and control strategy of viral hepatitis A in the army. Methods: based on the decision theory model, the cost-benefit analysis was carried out, and the stability of the model was tested by sensitivity analysis. Results: for the three groups of recruits, veterans and cadres, the cost of first screening and then inoculating was higher than that of direct inoculation. Compared with the three groups, the BCR values of the two vaccination programs were higher than that of the recruits and the recruits were higher than that of the veterans, but both of the two programs had negative benefits. The sensitivity analysis results show that the reduction of the cost parameters has a certain effect on the BCR value of the scheme. With the extension of the vaccine protection period, the BCR value of the vaccine increased significantly, and the benefit of the vaccination scheme was likely to be positive. The effect of vaccine protection rate on BCR was not significant. Conclusion: further reducing the screening cost of the vaccination program, the cost of the vaccine and the persistence of the protective effect of the vaccine are the key points for the army to carry out large-scale hepatitis A vaccination to obtain positive benefits.
【作者单位】：第四军医大学军队流行病学教研室!西安 710032 第四军医大学军队流行病学教研室!西安 710032 第四军医大学军队流行病学教研室!西安 710032 第四军医大学军队流行病学教研室!西安 710032
【基金】：全军“九五”指令性课题! (No.96L0 49)
【分类号】：R82

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