方孝孺正统思想研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 17:18

本文关键词：方孝孺正统思想研究　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：方孝孺是明朝初期的杰出政治家、思想家和文学家,以在靖难之役中十族殉国而彪炳史册。黄宗羲在《明儒学案》盛赞方孝孺为明朝第一大儒。明初思想,去宋儒近百年,再加上蒙古异族统治,轻忽中原文化,儒学仅靠散处江湖的士人传承,变得杂驳弱势。方孝孺生为明朝建立后的青年学人,有志于起振一代学风,所以潜心修研,撰写论著,他的著作后来集结为《逊志斋集》传布于世。本论文以方孝孺《逊志斋集》中的《释统》三篇和《后正统论》为中心,阐释方孝孺的正统思想和华夷之辨。本论文主要就以下几方面对方孝孺的正统思想展开研究:首先,介绍方孝孺的生平、时代背景和思想渊源。方孝孺的正统思想即继承前人的思想,也是时代的产物,所以要全面理解方孝孺的正统思想,就有必要正统思想的起源和发展,进而理解方孝孺正统思想的独特之处。其中重点介绍思想来源有欧阳修的正统观念,司马光的正闰之辩和朱子《资治通鉴纲目》中的正统思想。这些前人的思想成果都深刻影响了方孝孺,让他能够以此为基础,提出和完善自己的正统思想。其次则是讨论方孝孺正统思想的具体内容,本章将方孝孺正统思想置于儒家学术体系的框架之中,尝试多角度论述正统之义,主要内容如下:一、正统的标准与分类。方孝孺以王道为正统的标准,认为天命由民心体现,民心认可的政权才是正统,鼓励君王以行仁政来实现政权的长治久安;提出正统与变统的分类法,使正统政权与篡臣、女主和夷狄的变统各安其位。二、正统论中的伦理纲常思想。方孝孺特别强调伦理纲常的重要性,他认为伦理纲常是社会政治良好秩序的必要保障,他认为篡臣、女主和夷狄都有违儒家伦理纲常,所以将之归为变统。三、严华夷之分。方孝孺的正统思想中有民族观念,他强调“严华夷之分”,坚持以文化划分民族,体现了儒家一向的文化自信,这有助于现代中国人反思民族观念。方孝孺遵循儒家“反本开新”原则,继承宋元时期的正统思想,尤其是对朱子的纲目学有所扬弃,以适应新的时势而对正统思想做出新解释。最后,总结方孝孺正统思想的时代意义,也尽力阐述对后学的启发。
[Abstract]:Happiness is an outstanding statesman, thinker and writer of the early Ming Dynasty, in the battle of the ten people made history. Huang Zongxi in the "Ming Confucianism case" for the Ming Dynasty scholar first praised fang. In the early Ming Dynasty to song Confucian thought, nearly a hundred years, coupled with the Mongolia foreign domination, neglect the culture of the Central Plains, the inheritance of Confucianism only scattered corners, become overly complex weak. His students to the Ming Dynasty after the establishment of the school the young people, interested in starting a new style of study, so painstaking training, writing works, his later works together as the "Zhi Xun vegetarian" spread to the world. The thesis focuses on Fang Xiao Ru's three chapters of "Xun Zhi Zhai" and "orthodox theory" as the center to explain Fang Xiao Ru's orthodox thought and the distinction between the Chinese and the Yi. This paper mainly studied the orthodox ideas of the following aspects: first, the other filial piety in Fang's life, background and origin. The orthodox idea of Fang Xiao Ru inherited the thoughts of his predecessors. It is also the product of the times. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the origin and development of orthodoxy and understand the uniqueness of Fang Xiao Ru's orthodoxy in order to have a comprehensive understanding of Fang Xiao Ru's orthodoxy. Which focuses on ideological sources of orthodox ideas of Ou Yangxiu, Sima Guang and Zhu Xi "is a leap between orthodoxy Zizhitongjian Medica" in. These predecessors' ideological achievements have deeply influenced Fang Xiao Ru, so that he can put forward and improve his orthodox thought on this basis. Secondly, the specific content of Fang Xiao Ru's Orthodox thoughts is discussed. In this chapter, Fang Xiao Ru's orthodoxy is put into the framework of Confucian academic system, trying to discuss the orthodox meaning from many angles. The main contents are as follows: 1. The standard and classification of orthodoxy. Fang to the king as the orthodox standard, considered that the fate of people by people reflect, recognition of power is the orthodox kings to encourage benevolent line to achieve regime proposed classification of orthodoxy and the long period of stability; variable system, make the orthodox regime and usurped Chen, female and all the people. Two, the orthodox theory of ethics thought. Fang particularly emphasizes the importance of ethics, he believes that ethics is a necessary guarantee for social and political order, and he believes that Chen, female and barbarians are in violation of the Confucian ethics, so classified as a variable system. Three, the division of Yan Hua Yi. The national orthodox thought in his ideas, he stressed that "the strict power chauvinism", adhere to the cultural division of nation, embodies the Confucian cultural confidence always, which helps modern Chinese reflect national concept. Follow the "anti Confucianism Fang of the new" principle, the orthodox ideas of inheritance of the song and Yuan Dynasties, especially on Zhu Xi's Compendium of science has been abandoned, in order to adapt to the new situation and make a new interpretation of the orthodox thought. Finally, summarize the significance of his orthodoxy, also try to explain to my inspiration.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B248.99

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