奥康纳的资本与自然关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 19:19

本文关键词：奥康纳的资本与自然关系研究　出处：《西北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：詹姆斯．奥康纳是当代生态学马克思主义的重要代表人物之一，他的代表作《自然的理由—生态学马克思主义》主要的理论思路是：给生产力、生产关系赋予新的理论，他用自然改造文化，用自然和文化来改造传统的社会劳动，以此为出发点，提出了“自然、社会劳动、文化”之间的“三位一体”。同时，，奥康纳指出生态学必须要建立在马克思主义理论的基础之上，他指出这种生态学的批判不仅体现在人的剥削关系方面，而且主要是针对“自然”的批判为出发点。奥康纳强调，这种生态学的观点是马克思主义的而重点来自马克思的“人与自然”的新陈代谢理论，奥康纳将“社会主义与自然”、“资本主义与自然”、“马克思主义与生态运动”的现实问题纳入到他自己的研究视域中，他运用马克思主义的理论进行分析，并对马克思主义的理论进行修正，他将“生态学”与“政治”问题相联系。他指出，要超越当代资本主义与现存的社会主义模式，建立一种人与自然和谐相处的新的社会模式—生态社会主义，奥康纳所倡导的生态社会主义思想区别于传统的社会主义理论，他将社会主义与绿色思潮和生态运动有机地相结合。这样，奥康纳一方面赋予社会主义新的思想内涵；一方面又赋予生态学以生产性正义为导向的生态社会主义的政治意义；奥康纳创造性地运用马克思的资本理论，对现代资本主义生产方式进行了逻辑批判，他重点从资本与自然、资本与生态的层面对资本主义进行批判，并在此基础上，揭示了全球化时代生态危机产生的原因并指出资本主义生产方式与生态危机的内在联系。奥康纳的理论虽有独特之处，但它同时也存在着内在的局限性：奥康纳关于资本与自然理论体系的缺陷；奥康纳“双重危机”和“二重矛盾”的片面性。在我看来，奥康纳的理论不同于经典历史唯物主义，他的“生态学马克思主义”尤其是“资本与自然”溢出了马克思主义资本理论的基本框架，客观地说，奥康纳的“资本与自然”的理论，不但存在着一定的创新意义而且具有强烈的现实批判性，它有利于我们用发展的眼光重新认识当代资本主义社会，有利于我们推进马克思主义的当代发展；也利于我们探索与选择什么样的社会主义道路；有利于我们建设环境资源节约型、环境友好型社会和生态文明建设。
[Abstract]:James O'Connor is one of the important representative figures of contemporary ecological Marxism. His masterpiece "Natural reason-Ecological Marxism" is the main theoretical thinking: give productivity. With the new theory of relations of production, he uses nature to transform culture and nature and culture to transform traditional social labor, taking this as the starting point, he puts forward "nature, social labor". At the same time, O'Connor points out that ecology must be based on Marxist theory, and points out that the criticism of ecology is not only reflected in the exploitative relationship of human beings. O'Connor stressed that this ecological view was Marxist and focused on Marx's metabolic theory of "man and nature". O'Connor brought the realistic problems of "Socialism and Nature", "Capitalism and Nature" and "Marxism and Ecological Movement" into his own research field. And to revise the theory of Marxism, he linked "ecology" with "politics". He pointed out that we should go beyond the contemporary capitalism and the existing socialist model. To establish a new social model of harmony between man and nature-ecological socialism, O'Connor advocated the idea of ecological socialism is different from the traditional theory of socialism. He organically combined socialism with green thoughts and ecological movements. On the one hand O'Connor endowed socialism with new ideological connotations; On the one hand, it endows ecology with the political significance of ecological socialism guided by productive justice; O'Connor creatively applied Marx's theory of capital to criticize the modern capitalist mode of production logically. He criticized capitalism from the aspects of capital and nature, capital and ecology. On this basis, it reveals the causes of the ecological crisis in the era of globalization and points out the inherent relationship between the capitalist mode of production and the ecological crisis. But it also has the inherent limitation: O'Connor 's defect about the theory system of capital and nature; O'Connor 's "double crisis" and "double contradiction" are one-sidedness. In my opinion, O'Connor 's theory is different from classical historical materialism. His "ecological Marxism", especially "capital and nature", overflows the basic framework of Marxist capital theory, and objectively speaking, O'Connor 's theory of "capital and nature". There is not only a certain innovative significance but also a strong realistic criticism, which is conducive to us to re-understand the contemporary capitalist society with the perspective of development, and to promote the contemporary development of Marxism. It also helps us to explore and choose what kind of socialist road; Conducive to our construction of environmental resources conservation, environmental-friendly society and ecological civilization construction.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B712.5

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