从寓言视角的转换看庄子哲学

发布时间：2018-01-14 08:18

本文关键词：从寓言视角的转换看庄子哲学　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在迄今发现的中国古代文献中,第一个创造并解释"寓言"这个概念的哲学家便是庄子,且《庄子》中"寓言十九",在整个文本中占据了重要位置。一幅幅不停切换的场景和一个个迥异的人或物共同构建了庄子寓言的大千世界,进入这一个个场景,面对这一个个人或物,我们会发现不同场景下和不同人或物间的视角都是不断切换的,这是一个有趣的现象,是研究庄子哲学的一个新的切入点。然而在现实研究中,有关庄子寓言的界定划分众说纷纭。因此怎样定义并划分寓言是首先要解决的问题。依据《庄子》中"藉外论之"的解释并与"重言"范畴相区别,可将寓言定义为假借他人或他物来表述特定观点的故事。在具体分析时,本文采取了以内七篇内容为主,外杂篇内容为辅,整合小寓言成大寓言,忽略内容贫乏的微型寓言的方式,对一些代表性寓言展现出的视角转换进行研究解读。在梳理了内篇寓言中的视角转换后,我们发现它们在表现形式上有一定规律。不同篇章之间的场景视角的转换从组成结构上来看有两种形式,一种是随着某一特定人或物的位置改变而变,一种是跟着不同的人物转换场景。从具体内容上来看,其一是虚实相互转换,包含先是虚幻场景后是现实场景和先是现实场景后是虚幻场景两种情形;其二是虚实界限的混淆。不同人物视角转换有三个特点,其一是视角的粘着,其二是视角的套嵌,其三是视角主体的消融。此外,由于内篇和外杂篇完成的时代以及作者都有所不同,因此特别以庄子、孔子为线索人物分析了与其相关寓言的视角隔阂。在解析这些视角转换的表现特征后,还需要透过这些表象去分析庄子的核心思想,因此本文从内容出发将相近主题的寓言聚合起来,以人物视角的转换为线索,分别从看待小大的视角下讨论了庄子的逍遥观、从看待物化的视角下讨论了庄子的物我观、从看待残缺之人的视角下讨论了庄子的审美观、从看待死丧之事的视角下讨论了庄子的生死观、从看待圣人之治的视角下讨论了庄子的政治观,最终得出庄子的思想是以道为核心,以顺物自然为方法论,以获得逍遥为目的的结论。《庄子》中寓言视角转换的意义在于,不仅构建起了整个文本,而且拓展了读者的思维模式,加强了思想内容的表达。而研究庄子寓言视角转换的现实意义在于弥补了庄子哲学研究方面的空白,因为考察近年来采取特殊视角研究庄子哲学以及庄子寓言的研究成果可以发现,一则关于庄子哲学的研究不见有对寓言的视角进行分析的,一则关于庄子寓言的视角的研究多是基于文学角度的,因此分析庄子寓言视角转换的意义就在于将文学研究方法和哲学思考相结合,深入研究庄子文本中容易被人忽视的地方,以拓宽庄子思想研究的路径。
[Abstract]:In the ancient Chinese literature discovered so far, the first philosopher to create and explain the concept of "fable" is Zhuangzi, and "fable 19" in Zhuangzi. In the whole text occupied an important position. One by one constantly switching scenes and a very different people or things together to construct Zhuangzi fable of the world, into this one scene, facing this individual or thing. We will find that different scenarios and different people or things between the perspective is constantly changing, this is an interesting phenomenon, is a new entry point for the study of Zhuangzi philosophy. However, in the actual study. There are different opinions about the definition and division of Zhuangzi's fables. Therefore, how to define and divide fables is the first problem to be solved. Fable can be defined as a story that uses others or other things to express a particular point of view. In the specific analysis, this article adopts seven main contents, the content of miscellaneous articles as a supplement, the integration of small fables into a big fable. Ignoring the meagre way of microfables, this paper studies and interprets the angle of view of some representative fables. After combing the change of angle of view in the inner fables. We find that there are some rules in their forms of expression. There are two forms in terms of the composition structure of the transformation of the scene perspective between different chapters, one is to change with the position of a particular person or object. One is to change the scene with different characters. One is the transformation of the virtual reality from the concrete content, which consists of two kinds of situations: first the fantasy scene, then the real scene and the first reality scene after the illusion scene. The other is the confusion of the boundary of the virtual reality. There are three characteristics in the transformation of different characters' visual angle, one is the adhesion of the angle of view, the other is the embedding of the angle of view, and the third is the melting of the subject of the angle of view. Due to the different times and authors of the inner and the miscellaneous articles, Zhuangzi and Confucius are the key characters to analyze the gap between the perspective and the fables. After analyzing the characteristics of the transformation of these perspectives. It is also necessary to analyze Zhuangzi's core thoughts through these representations, so this paper starts from the content of the fables of similar themes together, taking the change of the perspective of the characters as the clue. Respectively from the perspective of small big to discuss Zhuangzi's view of pleasure, from the perspective of materialization to discuss Zhuangzi's view of things, from the perspective of the disabled to discuss the aesthetics of Zhuangzi. This paper discusses Zhuangzi's view of life and death from the perspective of the matter of death and death, and discusses Zhuangzi's political view from the perspective of treating the rule of saints. Finally, it concludes that Zhuangzi's thought takes Tao as the core and nature as the methodology. The significance of the fable angle of view in Zhuangzi is that it not only constructs the whole text, but also expands the reader's thinking mode. Strengthen the expression of ideological content, and the study of Zhuangzi fable angle of view of the practical significance is to make up for Zhuangzi philosophy research gaps. Because in recent years we have taken a special perspective to study Zhuangzi philosophy and Zhuangzi fable research results can be found that a study on Zhuangzi philosophy there is no analysis of the perspective of fables. A study on the perspective of Zhuangzi fables is mostly based on the literary perspective, so the significance of analyzing Zhuangzi fable perspective transformation lies in the combination of literary research methods and philosophical thinking. In order to widen the research path of Zhuangzi's thought, it is easy to be neglected in Zhuangzi's text.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B223.5

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