狄尔泰精神科学方法论探析

发布时间：2018-01-21 21:34

本文关键词： 狄尔泰精神科学方法论　出处：《黑龙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：狄尔泰被称为哲学向近代转向时期最重要的哲学家之一,“人文科学领域里的牛顿”。他首先坚持哲学应该为人们提供行价值判断与理论支持。对于这个时代产生出的诸如马恩的全新哲学形态;孔德的实证主义;詹姆士的功利主义;尼采反传统的意志哲学等,他持有一种既不盲从又不拒绝的态度。狄尔泰在继承传统哲学的理性主义传统的前提下,对于新时代的各种思想、思潮都能坚持一种开放的心态。借此,他通过独立反思与实践构建了精神科学体系。他把社会与历史作为精神科学的研究对象,将研究人的问题的各个学科与自然科学相区分,对于精神科学的理论、方法、对象以及目标进行了论证,从而构建起新的精神科学体系。然而狄尔泰为了论证精神科学的合法性,他将自然科学理解为一种反映论,通过这样全新视角的理解回击了自然科学与传统哲学对精神科学的质疑。同时他又提出了精神科学应该有独立的方法论要求,而不是延用自然科学的研究方法。本文从狄尔泰的精神科学体系入手,进一步阐述了其方法论的理论与现实意义。论证其方法论与传统哲学方法论思路以及同时代诸如实证主义、历史主义等方法论的关系。对于方法论的研究是以一种逻辑思辩的思维模式进行宏观的理论思考。自古希腊哲学产生开始,西方哲学便是沿着一定内在逻辑演变而发展的。从方法论意义上对哲学历史发展进行探究可以有效把握哲学发展的本质路线与具体发生动因。实际上,进行方法论的研究对整个哲学学科的发展有着重要意义。而且,狄尔泰作为近代哲学与现当代哲学发展中一个起承接作用的哲学家,他的方法论无论对以往哲学发展脉络的把握,还是对哲学范式转变都有很大的理论意义。
[Abstract]:Dilthey is regarded as one of the most important philosophers in the period of philosophy turning to modern times. "Newton in the field of humanities". He first insisted that philosophy should provide people with value judgment and theoretical support. Koonde's positivism; James's utilitarianism; Nietzsche's anti-traditional philosophy of will and so on, he holds a kind of attitude which neither blindly follows nor rejects. Under the premise of inheriting the rationalism tradition of traditional philosophy, Dilthey has various ideas about the new era. Through independent reflection and practice, he constructed the system of spiritual science. He regarded society and history as the research object of spiritual science. The study of human problems between the various disciplines and natural science, the theory of spiritual science, methods, objects and objectives are demonstrated. In order to prove the legitimacy of spiritual science, Dilthey understood natural science as a theory of reflection. Through the understanding of such a new perspective, it strikes back the challenge of natural science and traditional philosophy to spiritual science, and at the same time, he puts forward that spiritual science should have independent methodological requirements. This paper starts with Dilthey's system of spiritual science. It further expounds the theoretical and practical significance of its methodology, and demonstrates its methodology and traditional philosophical methodology, as well as its contemporaries such as positivism. The relationship between historicism and other methodologies. The study of methodology is a kind of logical thinking mode to carry on the macroscopic theoretical thinking. Since the ancient Greek philosophy came into being. Western philosophy is developed along a certain internal logic. To explore the historical development of philosophy in a methodological sense can effectively grasp the essential line and specific causes of philosophical development. The research of methodology is of great significance to the development of the whole philosophy subject. Moreover, Dilthey is a philosopher who plays an important role in the development of modern philosophy and modern philosophy. His methodology is of great theoretical significance both to the development of philosophy and to the transformation of philosophy paradigm.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B516.59

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