从“形神之辩”到“性气之归”——中国哲学的特征及其内在张力

发布时间：2018-01-22 14:44

本文关键词： 中国哲学 “形神之辩” “性气之归” 双重人性内在张力　出处：《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国文化是一种典型的主体性文化,其张力则往往要通过不同的视角及其分歧表现出来。先秦的儒道互绌,曾使孟、庄两位表现出不同的超越指向,但秦汉以降,贯通两汉的宇宙生化论则成为其一味走向内在的表现;佛教的传入虽然带来了中印文化的冲突,两晋南北朝的"形神之辩"也就成为其张力的具体表现,但范缜以"形"释"神"复又收"神"以归"形",毕竟标志着其内在张力的消解。唐宋以降,在"三教"并行的背景下固然形成了一种融合趋势,而其张力则又表现在理学的双重人性之间,但明清气学的一元论追求与内在化走向,却再次将这一张力内在化,从而也就成为超越追求的再次消解……这种内在张力的不足,就使中国文化始终在超越与内在两极之间摆动,同时也是社会思潮中理想与现实、精英与大众双向纠结的文化根源。在中西文化交汇的今天,反思中国文化内部儒道互绌、儒佛融合以及理学双重人性的归向,因而如何拓展中国文化的内在张力以增强其对异质文化的吸收与消化能力,则无疑应当成为当今文化建设的一个重大任务。
[Abstract]:Chinese culture is a typical subjective culture, its tension is often expressed through different perspectives and differences. The Confucianism and Taoism of the pre-Qin Dynasty, once made Meng and Zhuang show different transcendental direction. However, the cosmobiochemistry theory of Qin and Han dynasties has become its inner expression. Although the introduction of Buddhism brought about the conflict between Chinese and Indian cultures, the "debate of form and spirit" in the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin Dynasty became the concrete manifestation of its tension, but Fan Zhen interpreted "God" with "form" and recovered "God" to return to "form". After all, it marks the resolution of its internal tension. The Tang and Song dynasties, in the context of the "three religions" in the context of the formation of a trend of integration, and its tension is reflected in the dual human nature of Neo-Confucianism. However, the monistic pursuit and internalization of Qi in Ming and Qing dynasties once again internalized this tension and thus became the re-elimination of transcendental pursuit. It makes Chinese culture always swing between transcendence and internal polarity, at the same time, it is also the cultural root of the ideal and reality in the social trend of thought, and the two-way entanglement between the elite and the masses. Reflecting on the mutual deficiency of Confucianism and Taoism within Chinese culture, the combination of Confucianism and Buddhism, and the return of human nature of Neo-Confucianism, how to expand the internal tension of Chinese culture in order to enhance its ability to absorb and digest the heterogeneous culture. Undoubtedly, it should become a major task of cultural construction today.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学哲学与政府管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“宋明道学核心价值研究”(15ZDB008)
【分类号】：B2
【正文快照】： 中国文化是一种以主体性为特征且具有强烈凝聚力的文化,但同时也是一种内在张力不足的文化。这种不足恰恰又是通过其内在张力——所谓视角分歧的方式表现出来的,并使双方形成会归于一的期待;而在无法会归的情况下,往往就会从自己出发给对方以重新定位,从而使对方成为自己的一

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