柏拉图《理想国》中的哲学教育及其现实可能性

发布时间：2018-01-24 21:17

本文关键词： 理想国哲学教育正义幸福　出处：《郑州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：柏拉图作为西方教育史上第一位提出系统化教育理论的思想家,在《理想国》中,柏拉图通过对“最好的城邦”蓝图的描绘,构想了一种抽象的道德原则,并通过理论将这种抽象的道德原则构建了一个理想的社会环境。他认为,真正的善、真理一般人是无法触及到的,只有哲学家能够接触到。如果要构建一个和谐的城邦是需要许许多多的善来构成,单靠辩论是不够的。如果要正确的判断生活中的善与恶,就须建立一个衡量的标准,而这种标准在现实的事物中是无法寻得的,只有通过思辨来产生。理想国蓝图的实现,仅靠思辨之力是无法完成的,由此引出了教育的重要性。在《理想国》中,柏拉图明确指出,教育是一种可使灵魂转向的技艺。哲学教育就是心灵转向的重要方式,其理论基础是“性善论”,主要内容是“灵魂教育”,强调对护卫者的教育,重视知识和道德的教育。哲学教育是柏拉图实现其“理想国”的重要手段和政治目的自身,其指向是引导人的幸福生活,其要旨是规范人的合理行为。通过教育可以实现理想的城邦与理想的政治体制的结合,并以此作为他政治实践的蓝图,作为理想国的建构标准。柏拉图的哲学教育最重要作用在于使城邦和城邦中的个人实现正义、获得幸福,用教育培养“哲学王”、培养“护国者”、培养从灵魂到城邦整体和谐的理想国。柏拉图的哲学教育要求外在的物质条件作为保障,追求实现内在的精神和谐,期望获得来世的灵魂不朽,这都充分说明了其哲学教育是理想化的,从这个方面来讲,他的这部分思想具有一定的历史局限性。柏拉图的教育思想是哲学思想的组成部分,他的哲学教育理念至今仍具有重要的启迪意义。本文以《理想国》的哲学教育为研究视角,从柏拉图所处时代对道德教育的诉求入手,以正义与心灵为主线展开论述,深入柏拉图的作品中,揭示柏拉图哲学教育的完整面貌,有助于从源头上认识和把握古希腊哲学,在此基础上审视公民教育与城邦制度的建构,从而进一步考察其对当代中国公民思想道德教育的借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:Plato was the first thinker in the history of western education to put forward systematic educational theory. In the Republic, Plato conceived an abstract moral principle by depicting the blueprint of "the best city-state". And through the theory of this abstract moral principles to build an ideal social environment, he believes that the true good, the truth is not accessible to ordinary people. Only philosophers can come into contact. If a harmonious city-state is to be made up of so many good things, argument alone is not enough. If one wants to correctly judge the good and evil in life. It is necessary to establish a standard of measurement, which cannot be found in real things but produced through speculation. The realization of the blueprint of the Republic cannot be accomplished by speculative force alone. This leads to the importance of education. In the Republic, Plato clearly points out that education is a skill that can turn the soul, and philosophical education is an important way to turn the mind. Its theoretical basis is "the theory of sexual goodness", the main content is "soul education", emphasizing on the education of defenders. Philosophical education is Plato's important means and political purpose to realize his "ideal country", and its direction is to guide man's happy life. Its main aim is to regulate the rational behavior of human beings. Through education, we can realize the combination of the ideal polis and the ideal political system, and take this as the blueprint of his political practice. As the construction standard of the idealism, Plato's philosophy education plays the most important role in the realization of justice, the happiness of the individual in the city-state and the city-state, and the cultivation of the "king of philosophy" and the "protector of the country" with education. Plato's philosophy education requires the external material condition as the safeguard, pursues realizes the inner spiritual harmony, expects to obtain the afterlife soul immortal. This fully shows that his philosophical education is idealized, from this point of view, this part of his thought has certain historical limitations. Plato's educational thought is a part of philosophical thought. His philosophy education concept still has important enlightening significance. This article takes the philosophy education of "the Republic" as the research angle, starts with Plato's request for moral education in the time. It is helpful to understand and grasp the ancient Greek philosophy from the source of understanding and grasping the ancient Greek philosophy by taking justice and the mind as the main line, and by going deep into Plato's works and revealing the complete outlook of Plato's philosophy education. On this basis, it examines the construction of civic education and city-state system, and further examines its reference value to contemporary Chinese civic ideological and moral education.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B502.232

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