论知觉知识的可能性

发布时间：2018-01-25 03:35

本文关键词： 直接实在论可废止推理知觉知识　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文试图通过论证知觉知识的可能性,来回应关于知觉知识的怀疑论。知觉知识是指通过认知者的感官获取的,经过一定的理性推理而形成的关于外部对象的物理属性的知识。本文力图通过对关于知觉知识的理论分析与比较,梳理出知觉知识可能性的理论资源,并以此辩护知觉知识的可能性,同时回应怀疑论。关于知觉知识的怀疑论,主要聚焦一个问题,即关于事物向我们的呈现方式的信念,能否形成关于事物真实情形的信念。怀疑论认为,前者不能构成演绎的理由,也不能构成归纳的理由来辩护后者,因此知觉知识是不可能的。对此怀疑论的回应,可分为两部分展开。一是关于知觉信念的内容,论证知觉知识的本质及根据;二是关于知觉知识的推理形式,以一种恰当的推理形式来刻画知觉知识的形成与修正的过程。关于第一点,大致可分为两种理论,一种是信念理论,另一种是非信念理论。本文主要分析信念理论中的基础论与非信念理论中的直接实在论,结合这两种理论资源,来论证知觉信念的本质及根据。基础论主张在知觉知识中,关于外部对象向我们的呈现方式的信念是基础信念,关于事物的真实情形的信念是非基础信念,后者是在前者的基础上,通过一定的推理形式形成的。其不足之处在于,没有说明关于外部对象的呈现方式的信念与外部世界的关联。直接实在论回答了这一问题。它主张认知者是直接根据外部对对象向我们的呈现方式,来形成关于外部对象的呈现方式的信念的,即外部对象的呈现方式是知觉知识的根据。事物向我们的呈现方式,免于修正地辩护了关于事物向我们的呈现方式的信念;关于事物向我们的呈现方式的信念,构成了一个初步的理由,可废止地辩护了关于事物真实情形的信念。关于第二点,可废止推理,区别于演绎与归纳推理,恰当地刻画了知觉知识的形成过程,本文将对其主要概念以及形式刻画进行说明。直接实在论与可废止推理都是约翰·波洛克提出的理论。综上,以约翰·波洛克的直接实在论与可废止推理作为理论资源,可以从信念内容与推理形式两方面回应怀疑论,辩护知觉知识的可能性。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to respond to the skepticism about perceptual knowledge by demonstrating the possibility of perceptual knowledge, which is acquired through the senses of the cognitive. This paper tries to sort out the theoretical resources of the possibility of perceptual knowledge through theoretical analysis and comparison of perceptual knowledge. And to defend the possibility of perceptual knowledge, and at the same time to respond to skepticism. The scepticism about perceptual knowledge focuses on one question, that is, the belief in the way things are presented to us. The skepticism holds that the former cannot constitute the reason of deduction or the reason of induction to defend the latter. The response to this skepticism can be divided into two parts: one is about the content of perceptual belief and the other is to demonstrate the essence and basis of perceptual knowledge; The second is about the reasoning form of perceptual knowledge, which describes the formation and correction of perceptual knowledge with an appropriate form of reasoning. On the first point, it can be roughly divided into two kinds of theories, one is belief theory. The other is non-belief theory. This paper mainly analyzes the basic theory of belief theory and the direct realism theory of non-belief theory, combining these two theoretical resources. The basic theory holds that in the perceptual knowledge, the belief about the way the external object presents to us is the basic belief, and the belief about the real situation of the thing is not the basic belief. The latter is based on the former, through a certain form of reasoning. Direct realism answers this question. It argues that the cognitive is the way the object is presented to us directly according to the external. To form a belief about the presentation of external objects, that is, the presentation of external objects is the basis of perceptual knowledge, and the way things are presented to us. The belief in the way things are presented to us is defended from revision; Belief in the way things are presented to us constitutes a preliminary reason for repealing beliefs about the true state of things. On the second point, reasoning can be annulled, as distinguished from deductive and inductive reasoning. The formation process of perceptual knowledge is properly described. This paper will explain its main concepts and forms. Direct realism and retractable reasoning are both theories put forward by John Pollock. With John Pollock's direct realism and retractable reasoning as theoretical resources, we can respond to skepticism from both the content of belief and the form of reasoning, defending the possibility of perceptual knowledge.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B017

【相似文献】