廖平学术大同论研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 07:51

本文关键词： 学术大同经学子学史学天人大小　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：清朝晚期,中国面临着"三千年未有之大变局",政治上面临着重大危机,但更深层次的是中国文化的危机和价值体系的崩溃,其典型表现是经学作为中国价值理想的学术载体不断受到子学和西学的挑战,像谭嗣同倡墨学,严复译西书;也有被史学吞没的危险,典型是章太炎引领的夷经于史潮流。这种危机就是中国政治和文化危机在学术上的表现,廖平以为正是学术上的问题才导致了中国政治和文化的危机。因此异学的挑战不是经学衰落的根本原因,所以有改革经学的必要,抛弃过去今古文经学和宋学的经学范式。这不仅关系到中国学术的复兴,廖平更希望借由学术的重振达到中国政治和文化价值的复兴。廖平在学术上的努力他自己曾以"学术大同"来描述,所谓"学术大同",就是以经学大同为核心,以子学(含西学、佛学)理论为辅助支撑,与史学相对,以现实的政治生活秩序为改革对象,以人类的政教大同为终极理想的整全学术体系。这一学术体系阐明了经学与子学、西学、史学的关系,再次贞定了经学在中国文化体系中的中心地位,而且主张其在世界文化体系也处于中心地位,其目的在于:面临经学常道性格的危机,重新发扬经学的精神价值,指明中国的发展道路,挽救中国的秩序危机和精神危机,让中国文化的大同精神和理想能够在全球被传播和接受。具体来说,廖平分别在今古文经学问题、宋学问题、经学与子学关系、经学与史学关系、经学与西学关系等方面阐述了自己的看法,构建了自己独特的理论体系,形成了自己"学术大同说"的基本框架,这个基本框架服务于他最后成形的天人大小的经学理论,服务于他期望最终实现世界的政教大同的理想。在今古文问题上,他判定今古文的差别根本在制度的差异性,典型代表是今文学纲领《王制》与古文学经典《周礼》之间的差异。一开始,廖平认为《王制》是孔子立法改制的纲领,而《周礼》则是周代制度的历史实录。后来,他的观点屡经变化,最后的定论则是以为《王制》、《周礼》都是孔子改制立法的著作,都是孔子对理想世界的规划。在这里,廖平不再在今古学问题上纠缠,他视经典都为孔子新经,视经典中的制度差异为中国与全球治理疆域不同的差异。在宋学问题上,他指出了宋学空疏无用,不能救国于危亡的不足,并总结这是由于宋学天人颠倒、知行颠倒而导致的结果。在经子关系上,他提出了子学为经学流派、子书多经学传记、子学为经学师说、诸子出于孔门四科等观点。在经史关系上,一方面强调经史不同,经为百代之书,史记一代之事;另一方面经制必将成为现实,成为一代代中国人乃至全人类的历史文化记忆。经学与史学相反相成,两者在历史进程中相互转化、相互影响。在经学与西学关系上,他将西学统属于子学,并认为西学的某些研究成果可以补充经说,诠释经说,同时他也以经学指出了西学的某些不足。他用中国的理论语言将西方文明视作"质"的文明,中国文化则是"文"的文化,两者可以相互补充,完成经学关于文明"文质彬彬"的理想。他还对哲学一词做了自己的阐释。总之,廖平的"学术大同说"在处理中西学术关系、贞定中国文化主体地位、发扬子学研究、创新学制改革等方面给我们很多启示,这一学说体系坚持了经学的天下关怀和大同理想,对于发挥中国文化的制度治理经验、构建公平公正的国际政治秩序,向世界提供中国智慧有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The late Qing Dynasty, China faced "three thousand years have seen big changes, politics is facing a major crisis, but the deeper is Chinese cultural crisis and the collapse of value system, it is characterized by the academic value as the ideal carrier Chinese by school and Western learning challenges, like Tan Sitong and ink Yan Fu, translation of Western books; there were also dangerous history no, Zhang Taiyan led by the typical Yi in the history of the trend. The performance of this crisis is the political and cultural China crisis in academic, Liao Ping thought is an academic problem that led to the political and cultural Chinese crisis. Therefore different learning challenge is not the decline reason, so it is necessary to reform the classics, abandon the past classics and Song Dynasty classics paradigm. This is not only related to the revival of Chinese academic, Liao Ping hopes that by academic China to revive political The revival and cultural value. Liao Ping in the academic effort that he had to "academic Datong" to describe, the so-called "academic Datong, Datong is based on Confucian classics as the core, to study (including Western Buddhism) theory as the auxiliary support and relative to the reality of history, political life and order for the reform object to human political Datong as the ultimate ideal of whole academic system. It expounds the academic system of Confucianism and western historiography, study, relationship, again by yoshisada center in China cultural system, but also that it is in the center position in the world cultural system, its purpose is to the character is often said: in the face of the crisis, to develop through the study of the spiritual value, points out the development path of Chinese, save Chinese order and spiritual crisis, let Chinese Datong cultural spirit and ideal in the world can be spread and accept. Specifically, Liao Ping In the classics, song learning, learn by relationship with the child, the relationship with the history, classics and Western relations and other aspects of their views, build their own unique theoretical system, forming the basic framework of "academic Datong", the basic framework for service he finally formed heaven size by the theory, he expected service to the eventual realization of a world political Datong ideal. In this ancient problem, he decided that this ancient distinction in institutional differences, is a typical representative of this literary program > and < the king for classical difference between classical "Zhou Li" at first, Liao Ping thought that king Confucius's program is < > and < the legislative reform, Zhou > is Zhou Dai historical record. Later, his view has been changed, the final conclusion is that < King >, < > Zhou are restructuring legislation as well as Confucius, are Confucius The planning of the ideal world. Here, Liao Ping is no longer entangled in the present problems, he considered the classic for Kong Zixin, as the classic institutional differences of different Chinese and territory of global governance. In the Song Dynasty on the issue, he pointed out that the study of Song Dynasty useless, not saving the nation in peril, and this is because the song learning and summarizing upside down, which leads to the result that upside down. In the sub relations, he proposed the school by school, many classics book biography, school for the teacher said, 'for four families. In the view of Confucian classics relations, on the one hand the classics the book is different, EMI generation, historical records of things; on the other hand the system will become a reality, become a generation of Chinese and even the whole human history cultural classics and historical memory. The mutual transformation, both opposite and complementary, in the historical process of mutual influence. In the relationship between learning and Western Learning And he will lead to Western studies, and that some research results can be added by the Western interpretation by saying, said, he also points out the shortage of western classics. He is regarded as the "quality" of the Western civilization civilization will use theory of language China, Chinese culture is the "culture" of culture two, can complement each other, complete the classics of civilization ". He has the ornamental and the combined plain properties of the ideal to do its own interpretation of the word philosophy. In a word, Liao Ping's" Datong "academic" in Chinese and western academic relationship, yoshisada China culture subject status, development of Yangtze science research, innovation and other aspects of the reform to our educational system a lot of inspiration, this theory system adheres to the world cares and Datong ideal to play China governance experience of the system of culture, build a fair and just international political order, provide China wisdom has important significance to the world.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B259.9

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