顾炎武民本政治哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 11:04

本文关键词： 顾炎武民本政治哲学平等人伦　出处：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：顾炎武是明清之际的著名爱国学者,他通过“非器则道无所寓”的视角将“气”作为现实世界的统一性载体,以“文行忠信”的人事来实现天人关系的统一。他的哲学尊崇人的主体性,并始终以反思自然人性和社会现实为出发点,充分肯定“人之有私”的正当性,为民众政治人格的平等和自然权利的享有提供了理论支持,进而确立了为民立君的政治立场。民本的内在需求促使他将“保民而王”作为执政者执政的合理性依据,并在立君为民的基础上提出了“君臣相正”的政治伦理规范和“以天下之权寄之天下之人”的制度规范来遏制他引以为祸的君主独裁,形成了君与臣、中央与地方、朝野内外众治的政治体系,从而在认知价值和治国理念的层面上确保了民众的主体性地位。顾炎武以启蒙思想家的理性反思,助使民众成为独立的认识主体,消解固化的伦理纲常对人的价值的剥夺,以豪杰精神激励民众自觉地认知自身的社会存在价值,从而形成以“保天下”为核心的爱国主义民族精神,对国家发展和民族团结起到积极的推动作用。然而,顾炎武思想中深藏的尊君意识使其无法摆脱历史和阶级的局限性,他在认知价值、治理规范和制衡制度上的理论创新始终是为了维护君主治理的需要,但是其中所蕴含的耻德理念和民主性因素仍具有重要的借鉴价值,正确吸收其合理性要素有助于当前中国服务型政府的转型,进而促使国家现代化文明建设实现继承与发展的统一。
[Abstract]:Gu Yanwu is a famous patriotic scholar in the Ming and Qing dynasties. He regards Qi as the carrier of unity of the real world through the perspective of "no means without means". The unity of the relationship between man and nature is realized by the personnel of "Wen Xing Zhong Xin". His philosophy respects the subjectivity of man and always regards reflecting on natural human nature and social reality as the starting point, and fully affirms the legitimacy of "man has his own self". It provides theoretical support for the equality of the people's political personality and the enjoyment of the natural rights, and then establishes the political stand for the people to establish a monarch. The inherent demand of the people urges him to take "protect the people and the king" as the rational basis for the ruling of the people. And on the basis of setting up a monarch for the people, he put forward the political ethical norms of "monarch and minister justice" and the system norm of "the people who place the power under the world" to contain the monarch dictatorship he thought to be a disaster, and formed the monarch and minister, the central and local governments. The political system of ruling by the masses inside and outside the government and the opposition ensures the subjective position of the people on the level of cognitive value and the idea of governing the country. Gu Yanwu, with the rational reflection of the enlightening thinkers, helps the people to become an independent subject of understanding. Dissolving the depriving of human value from the established ethical principles, encouraging the people to recognize their own social existence value consciously with the heroic spirit, thus forming the patriotic national spirit with "protecting the world" as the core. It played a positive role in promoting national development and national unity. However, Gu Yanwu's deep sense of respect for the emperor made him unable to get rid of the limitations of history and class. The theoretical innovation of governance norms and checks and balances system is always in order to maintain the needs of monarch governance, but the moral concept and democratic factors contained therein still have important reference value. The correct absorption of its reasonable elements is helpful to the transformation of China's service-oriented government and thus promotes the unification of inheritance and development in the construction of national modernization civilization.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B249.1

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