西方哲学中的数学因素

发布时间：2018-02-13 22:58

本文关键词： 西方哲学数学哲学哲学家　出处：《延安大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西方哲学发展的各个阶段都在一定程度上与数学有某种联系,数学不仅是哲学问题的重要来源和依据,同时为西方哲学的发展提供了丰富的土壤和环境。历史上许多哲学家同时也是卓有成就的数学家,在他们看来,数学与哲学是一脉相承的。数学的研究对象是理念世界,一直被视为真理的化身。尽管哲学家们几乎对一切事物都提出过怀疑,但他们普遍认为数学具有无可怀疑的真理性,因此,哲学家们都感到有必要对此作出解释,并从中引出一般的哲学结论。许多哲学家认为数学就其抽象性和普遍的研究对象而言,就是另一种形式的哲学,毋庸置疑,数学以独特的确定性和真理性与西方哲学有千丝万缕的联系。本文旨在通过对西方哲学史上不同历史阶段上许多哲学家(如毕达哥拉斯、苏格拉底、柏拉图、笛卡尔、莱布尼茨等)的数学方法的反思,形成了与数学密切相关的哲学知识,开启了哲学研究多元化的方向,引发不同学科的反思。论文共分为四部分:第一章:古希腊哲学中源于数学思想的世界观和方法论,主要讲述了毕达哥拉斯用数来规定万物的基本秩序,苏格拉底在对话中探索关于美德的定义,柏拉图用理性的直观取代假设,形成理性的直观演绎的哲学方法。第二章:中世纪基督教哲学家奥古斯汀-安瑟尔谟、托马斯·阿奎那借助“柯西收敛原理”证明上帝存在。第三章:古希腊哲学的数学世界观和方法论在近代科学和哲学的发展,主要列举了伽利略、牛顿、笛卡尔、莱布尼茨等采用了数学的方法在近代科学中和哲学中有产生了深刻的影响。第四章:数学方法在哲学中的应用导致了理性主义的独断论,但是现代西方哲学分析哲学仍然从数学中提炼哲学分析的工具_数理逻辑,用以批判传统形而上学。通过对数学进行反思是哲学思想产生的一个重要来源。
[Abstract]:To some extent, each stage of the development of western philosophy is related to mathematics. Mathematics is not only an important source and basis for philosophical problems. At the same time, it provides a rich soil and environment for the development of western philosophy. In history, many philosophers are also successful mathematicians. In their view, mathematics and philosophy are of the same origin. The object of mathematics is the world of ideas. It has always been regarded as the embodiment of truth. Although philosophers have questioned almost everything, they generally believe that mathematics has an indisputable truth, and philosophers feel the need to explain it. Many philosophers think that mathematics is another form of philosophy in terms of its abstractness and universality. Mathematics is inextricably related to western philosophy with its unique certainty and truth. This paper aims to analyze the history of many philosophers (such as Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Descartes, etc.) in the history of western philosophy. The reflection of Leibniz's mathematical method formed philosophical knowledge closely related to mathematics and opened the direction of diversity in philosophical research. The thesis is divided into four parts: chapter one: the world outlook and methodology derived from mathematical thought in ancient Greek philosophy, mainly about Pythagoras' basic order of everything with numbers. Socrates explores the definition of virtue in the dialogue, Plato replaces the hypothesis with rational intuition and forms the philosophical method of rational intuitionistic deduction. Thomas Aquinas proved the existence of God by Cauchy's Convergence principle. Chapter three: the development of mathematical worldview and methodology in ancient Greek philosophy in modern science and philosophy, mainly listing Galileo, Newton, Descartes. Leibniz and others used mathematical methods to produce profound influence in modern science and philosophy. Chapter 4th: the application of mathematical methods in philosophy leads to rationalism dogmatism. But modern western philosophy of analysis still abstracts the tool of philosophical analysis from mathematics _ mathematical logic, which is used to criticize traditional metaphysics. Reflection on mathematics is an important source of philosophical thought.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B5

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