柏拉图论宇宙的唯一性

发布时间：2018-02-23 20:46

本文关键词： 《蒂迈欧》囊括者整体与部分和谐比例元素五个宇宙　出处：《现代哲学》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：《蒂迈欧》中的宇宙唯一性论证,既包括从神的善意而来的外部论证(模仿动物理念而造的宇宙是唯一的),也包括从内部构成成分来说的内部论证(用尽了一切的宇宙是唯一的)。这两个论证的合理连接来自对"囊括者"概念的正确理解。在外部论证中,通过诉诸囊括者概念,可见宇宙和动物理念这两个整体之间建立起了结构类比,宇宙也因此获得了生成界最大囊括者的形式性特征,因此是唯一的。在内部论证中,"囊括者"所代表的整体部分关系具体到宇宙内部:其"部分"被确定为元素;"囊括一切于自身之中"也被具体化为穷尽了所有能量和元素;因此宇宙是唯一的。内部论证同时针对原子论者的多宇宙观,并对其同名"囊括者"概念进行了改造。最后,柏拉图也称宇宙灵魂是囊括者,其"部分"是数学比例。宇宙灵魂的创造穷尽了音律学中所有的和谐比例,它在时空中首先被按照长度展开,体现为按比例分配带动恒星和行星的同圜与异圜;其次,在面和体上的表达为火、土、气、水所对应的四、六、八、二十正多面体及宇宙和灵魂所对应的球体。这种数学关系是囊括者内在统一性的来源,也是柏拉图在不同等级的囊括者之间建立起同构类比的原因。五个宇宙的假设也可以看作是从理念、纯比例(按照长度)、面、体及生成之宇宙这五个层面对囊括者存在结构的分别表述。
[Abstract]:The proof of the Universe in Timeo, Both external arguments from God's good will (the universe created by imitation of animal ideas is unique), and internal arguments from internal components (the universe that has exhausted everything is the only one.) the combination of these two arguments. The logical connection comes from a correct understanding of the concept of the "inclusion". By resorting to the concept of inclusion, it can be seen that a structural analogy has been established between the universe and the concept of animals, and the universe has thus acquired the formal characteristics of the largest inclusors in the generative world. Therefore, it is unique. In the internal argument, the whole partial relation represented by the "includer" is specific to the interior of the universe: its "part" is defined as the element, the "inclusion of everything in itself" is also concretely translated into the exhaustion of all energy and elements; So the universe is unique. The internal argument is directed at the atomist's multi-cosmological view, and the concept of the "enclosing" with the same name has been modified. Finally, Plato also called the cosmic soul an enclosing. Its "part" is mathematical proportionality. The creation of the soul of the universe has exhausted all the harmonious proportions in phonetics. It is first spread in time and space according to the length, which is reflected in the proportional distribution of the same and different circles of the stars and planets; secondly, The expressions on the surface and body are four, six, eight, 20 regular polyhedrons corresponding to fire, earth, qi, and water, and the sphere corresponding to the universe and soul. This mathematical relationship is the source of the inner unity of the inclusion. It is also why Plato established the isomorphic analogy between the different levels of inclusions.The hypothesis of the five universes can also be seen as a pure proportion from the idea (in terms of length, plane, The existence structure of the inclusion is expressed separately in the five dimensions of the body and the universe of creation.
【作者单位】：中国科学院大学人文学院科学技术史系;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金面上资助(2016M600118)
【分类号】：B502.232

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