试论迈蒙尼德与斯宾诺莎的古今之争

发布时间：2018-03-01 01:36

本文关键词： 迈蒙尼德斯宾诺莎施特劳斯古今之争　出处：《哲学研究》2017年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：斯宾诺莎对迈蒙尼德的宗教批判是近代启蒙运动中的一个重大理论事件。两者的分歧主要表现在理论前提和神学观念两个方面。从理论预设上看,斯宾诺莎强调理性自足,上帝理性与意志的统一,以及对犹太生活方式的疏离;迈蒙尼德则认为理性无力洞悉上帝的本质,上帝是眷顾人类的意志存在,以及对犹太生活方式的认同和忠诚。在神学观念上,斯宾诺莎强调人法和神法的区隔,理性和想像力的对立以及对神迹的自然化理解;迈蒙尼德则强调神法的双重指向,理性推理和想像力在先知身上的有机统一,以及神迹和神佑的可能性。从根本上讲,斯宾诺莎与迈蒙尼德分别站在不同的理论前提上阐发各自的神学主张,由于缺乏共同的批判地基,前者对后者的批判只具有修辞学的效力,并未真正击垮后者的神学大厦。重思这一典范性的理论事件,可以让我们更清楚地透视古今双方不同的理论视点和精神偏好,为我们纠正现代性的弊端提供有益的源头思考和自我理解。
[Abstract]:Spinoza's religious criticism of Maimonide is an important theoretical event in the modern Enlightenment. The differences between the two are mainly manifested in two aspects: theoretical premise and theological concept. From the perspective of theoretical presupposition, Spinoza emphasizes rational self-sufficiency. The unity of God's reason and will, and the alienation of the Jewish way of life; Maimonides, on the other hand, believes that reason is powerless to understand the nature of God, and that God is the human being, In theology, Spinoza emphasizes the division between the law of man and the law of God, the opposition between reason and imagination, and the naturalization of miracles, while Maimonides emphasizes the dual direction of the law of God. The organic unity of rational reasoning and imagination in the Prophet, and the possibility of miracles and bliss. Fundamentally, Spinoza and Maimonide have their respective theological claims on different theoretical premises. Because of the lack of a common critical foundation, the former's criticism of the latter has only rhetorical effect and has not really destroyed the theological edifice of the latter. It can give us a clearer insight into the different theoretical viewpoints and spiritual preferences of both ancient and modern countries, and provide us with a beneficial source of thinking and self-understanding to correct the drawbacks of modernity.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B563.1

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