庄子“逍遥游”及其阐释路径研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 03:12

  本文选题：逍遥游　切入点：适性　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：庄子的“逍遥游”究竟是什么意思?面对这一千古难题,后世学者给出的解释不计其数。在庄学史上,对于庄子“逍遥游”作出明确解释,较早的有西晋郭象的“适性逍遥说”。就其具体内容看,郭象的“适性逍遥说”所包涵的内容就是在尊重个性差异的基础上充分发挥个人才能,最终实现社会和谐。在郭象之后,东晋的支道林提出“至人之心说”,对庄子“逍遥游”作出了另外一种解释。就具体内容来看,支道林“至人之心说”将“逍遥游”所理解为一种精神的解脱。宋代以后相当长的一段时间内,理学成为思想文化的主流。包括林希逸、陆西星在内的一些学者将庄子的“逍遥游”视为宋明理学的“孔颜之乐”。在当代的研究中,对庄子“逍遥游”的解释存在着各种不同的学术观点,其中最有影响力的当属“精神自由说”。笔者认为,庄子的“逍遥游”是一种远古的、原始本初生活方式的浓缩,是与道家返本复初的社会理想相一致的。在历史上以及当前学术界,关于庄子“逍遥游”存在一些不合理的阐释。郭象的“适性逍遥说”强调要尊重个性差异,强调要充分发挥个人才能,主张在现实社会中实现个人与社会的和谐。郭象的追求并不是以否定现实为前提,这与庄子彻底否定现实,追求世道人心同归于原始本初的想法是不一致的。支道林“至人之心说”一味关注个人的精神世界,忽略了“逍遥游”必须依赖的外在社会环境,因而在理解上出现了重大的偏差。宋代以后以儒解庄背景下的“逍遥游”阐释,尽管说法很多,都不外将“逍遥游”理解为一种伟大人格,这种理解有意无意之间夸大了“逍遥游”与世俗生活之间的对抗性。至于当代最有影响力的“精神自由说”,其实是支道林“至人之心说”的不同说法,因而存在与支道林“至人之心说”相同的问题。庄子的“逍遥游”在中国思想史上产生的影响不仅深远的,而且也是极其复杂的。尽管学术史上各种不合理阐释不乏理论建构意义,但是这些阐释不利于深入理解庄子的哲学思想。因此,研究庄子的“逍遥游”及其历史影响,准确把握“逍遥游”的基本意思是很有必要的。
[Abstract]:What is the meaning of Zhuangzi's "free and unfettered tour"? In the face of these 1,000 ancient problems, there are countless explanations given by later scholars. In the history of Zhuang studies, there was a clear explanation for Zhuangzi's "free and unfettered tour", and an earlier one was Guo Xiang's theory of "suitable nature and freedom" in the Western Jin Dynasty. From the point of view of its specific content, The content of Guo Xiang's theory of "suitable sex and carefree" is to give full play to individual talents on the basis of respecting individual differences, and ultimately to achieve social harmony. After Guo Xiang, Zhi Daolin of the Eastern Jin Dynasty put forward the theory of "the mind of the most people", and made another interpretation of Zhuangzi's "free and unfettered tour". From the point of view of the concrete content, Zhi Daolin's "the Theory of the Heart of the Man" understood "free from pleasure" as a kind of spiritual liberation. For quite a long time after the Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism became the mainstream of ideology and culture, including Lin Xiyi, Some scholars, including Lu Xixing, regard Zhuangzi's "free and unfettered tour" as the "happiness of Kong Yan Zhi" in Song Ming's Neo-Confucianism. In contemporary research, there are various academic viewpoints on the interpretation of Zhuangzi's "carefree tour". The most influential of them is "the theory of spiritual freedom". The author believes that Zhuangzi's "free and unfettered tour" is a kind of ancient, primitive enrichment of the original way of life. It is consistent with the social ideal of Taoism returning to the original and beginning. In history and current academic circles, there are some unreasonable explanations about Zhuangzi's "free and unfettered tour". Guo Xiang's "the theory of suitable nature and leisure" emphasizes the need to respect individual differences. Stressing the need to give full play to individual talent and advocating the realization of personal and social harmony in the real society. Guo Xiang's pursuit is not based on the negation of reality, which is similar to Zhuangzi's complete negation of reality. It is not consistent to pursue the idea that the people of the world are the same as those of the original. Zhi Daolin's "the mind of the people" pays attention to the spiritual world of the individual and neglects the external social environment on which the "free and unfettered" must depend. Therefore, there was a great deviation in understanding. After the Song Dynasty, it was interpreted as a great personality under the background of Confucianism and Zhuangzhuang. Although there are many theories, it is understood as a kind of great personality. This understanding, intentionally or unintentionally, exaggerates the antagonism between "free and unfettered" and secular life. As for the most influential "spiritual freedom theory" of the present age, it is actually a different version of Zhi Daolin's "to the heart of people". Therefore, there is the same problem as Zhi Daolin's "the Theory of people's Heart". The influence of Zhuangzi's "free and unfettered tour" on the history of Chinese thought is not only profound, but also profound. It is also extremely complicated. Although there is no lack of theoretical constructive significance in various irrational interpretations in academic history, these interpretations are not conducive to a deeper understanding of Zhuangzi's philosophical thinking. Therefore, the study of Zhuangzi's "free and unfettered tour" and its historical influence, It is necessary to accurately grasp the basic meaning of "free and unfettered travel".
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B223.5
，

本文编号：1573075