董仲舒《天人三策》中所见政治思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:17

本文选题：董仲舒　切入点：天人三策　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《天人三策》比较集中地体现了董仲舒的政治思想。董仲舒是西汉的思想家,其思想不可避免地受到了汉初学术的影响。这种影响可以从陆贾、贾谊和叔孙通三位学者的学术主张中看出:陆贾提出了“忠君”、“孝父”,“兴辟雍庠序而教诲之”,强调“礼乐教化”的重要性。贾谊认为“礼”是约束一切的神圣法则,声称君主只有以“仁”、“义”、“礼”、“信”、“公”和“法”为执政标准,国家才能达到理想的效果。叔孙通主张“时变”而不泥古。董仲舒在不同程度上受到了上述思想的影响。在《天人三策》中,董仲舒依托孔子的权威,利用《论语》在当时的广泛影响,充分阐述了自己的政治思想。《天人三策》涉及孔子的引文多达18条,几乎是言必及孔子。这18条中有17条引自《论语》,涵盖了孔子有关德政、礼乐教化、先德后刑、仁政和民本的政治主张。董仲舒的政治思想不仅继承了孔子的德政思想,还对德政理论进行了重要创新,将阴阳、德刑思想联结为一整体。董仲舒运用教化理论,明确君主与臣民的尊卑之别,使臣民安于君主的统治。董仲舒将德刑与阴阳联系起来,既明确了德在理论上的主要地位,又确立了刑在理论上的重要地位。董仲舒的政治思想对汉代的政治产生了深远的影响。董仲舒的刑罚思想中有“春秋决狱”的主张。因《春秋经》文大义不像法令那样明确具体,所以“春秋决狱”使得断案没有统一的标准。他的教化思想促进了汉代“立太学”、“罢黜百家”等措施的施行。“罢黜百家”的主张表面上似为尊儒,而儒学之内容已逐渐蜕变为涵百家之学。
[Abstract]:The "three policies of Heaven and Man" embodies Dong Zhongshu's political thought in a more concentrated way. Dong Zhongshu was a thinker in the Western Han Dynasty, whose thought was inevitably influenced by the early Han scholars. This kind of influence can be traced back to Lu Jia. From the academic opinions of the three scholars, Jia Yi and Shusun Tong, we can see that Lu Jia put forward "loyal monarch", "filial piety", "Xing Yong Xiang preface and teachings", and emphasized the importance of "etiquette and music education". Jia Yi believed that "propriety" is the sacred law that binds everything. Claiming that the monarch is governed only by "benevolence", "righteousness", "propriety", "faith", "public" and "law". Only in the country can the ideal effect be achieved. Schulsun Tong advocated "time-varying" rather than "ancient times". Dong Zhongshu was influenced by the above thought to some extent. In "Heaven and Man, three policies", Dong Zhongshu relied on the authority of Confucius. Taking advantage of the extensive influence of the Analects of Confucius at that time, I fully expounded my own political thought. There were 18 quotations about Confucius, almost as many as Confucius. 17 of these 18 articles were quoted from the Analects of Confucius, covering Confucius' morality and politics. The political thought of Dong Zhongshu not only inherits Confucius' thought of morality and politics, but also innovates the theory of morality and government. Dong Zhongshu uses the theory of enlightenment to make clear the distinction between the monarch and his subjects, so that the subjects will be content with the monarch's rule. Dong Zhongshu connects the moral punishment with the yin and yang, which makes clear the main position of morality in theory. Dong Zhongshu's political thought had a profound influence on the politics of the Han Dynasty. Dong Zhongshu's penalty thought had the idea that "the Spring and Autumn period decides the prison". Because "the Spring and Autumn Ching Ching Jing" is different from the law, the article meaning is not like the law. To be so clear and specific, Therefore, "the decision of the Spring and Autumn period" made there is no unified standard for adjudicating a case. His enlightenment thought promoted the implementation of measures such as "setting up a Taixue" in the Han Dynasty and "ousting a hundred schools of thought". On the surface, the proposition of "ousting a hundred schools of thought" seemed to respect Confucianism. The content of Confucianism has gradually changed into a hundred schools of thought.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D092;B234.5

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