王阳明德育思想及其现代意义

发布时间：2018-03-07 03:34

  本文选题：王阳明　切入点：德育思想　出处：《哈尔滨工程大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为我国古代儒家思想发展史上的一座丰碑,阳明学曾产生过广泛而深远的社会影响,且至今仍然受到国内外广大学者的青睐。众所周知,批判继承我国传统思想道德教育资源历来是思想政治教育的一项重要内容。不可否认,以“致良知”为核心内容的阳明学,蕴含着丰富的思想道德教育资源,其对我国当前广受热议的社会道德滑坡问题、公众良知湮没现象,以及德育效果实质性低迷的现状等,显然具有重要的借鉴价值。另外,从阳明学的研究成果来看,近代以来,学界针对阳明学的研究多从哲学、史学视角切入,伦理学与教育学相结合的系统研究相对薄弱。基于以上认识,本文试图从当前学校德育亟待改善的几个层面出发,通过深入研究王阳明德育思想的系统内容,发掘其对提高当前学校德育实效的借鉴意义。本文所论述的王阳明的德育思想,主要是指王阳明在讲学过程中,向门人所阐发的关于道德修养的基本理论、原则和方法等。为了准确地呈现出王阳明德育思想的全貌和特征,本文首先论述了王阳明德育思想形成的主观因素,主要理论渊源和时代背景,并对其德育思想形成和发展的历史轨迹进行了梳理。其次,本文从王阳明德育思想的基本范畴出发,着重从逻辑起点(心即理)、核心主张(致良知)、终极追求(圣人人格)、路径设计(实践功夫)和方法保证(知行合一)这五个方面来详细剖析王阳明德育思想的体系构成。再次,为了更加全面深入地把握王阳明德育思想的内涵及精神实质,体现其“知行合一”的思想理论特征,本文还对王阳明德育理论的现实关切进行了一番考察,并从训蒙主张、君子之学和社会教化三个方面来深化学者对王阳明德育思想的立体感知。此外,为了有效发掘王阳明德育思想的当代价值,本着实事求是和批判继承的基本原则,本文还对王阳明的德育思想进行了较为客观的综合评析,既充分肯定了其思想体系当中的闪光点,又明确指出了其理论本身所固有的局限性。最后,为了贯彻古为今用的研究宗旨,结合当前德育工作的现实境况,特别是近几年来学校德育所面临的新问题和新挑战,本文认为,王阳明的德育思想能够在以下几个方面,为提高学校德育的针对性和实效性提供有价镜鉴:一是要高度重视德育地位的巩固加强,通过“就才成德”落实德育为先;二是要切实保障德育原则的贯彻落实,特别是德育过程中各环节在目标方向上的一致性;三是要重新审视德育内容之间的本末关系,强化良知教育的基础作用;四是要积极探索德育方法的杂糅并用,注重引导受教育者的自省意识;五是要着实谋求德育途径的开拓创新,实践“处处是进德之资”的德育理念。
[Abstract]:As a monument in the history of the development of ancient Confucianism in China, Yangming has had a broad and far-reaching social impact, and is still favored by the vast number of scholars at home and abroad. Criticizing and inheriting the traditional ideological and moral education resources of our country has always been an important content of ideological and political education. There is no denying that Yangming, which takes "to conscience" as the core content, contains abundant resources of ideological and moral education. It is obviously of great value for reference to the problem of social moral decline, the phenomenon of annihilation of public conscience, and the present situation of the substantial downturn in the effect of moral education, which are widely discussed in our country at present. In addition, from the perspective of the research results of Yangming study, since modern times, The academic research on Yangming is mainly from the perspective of philosophy, historiography, and the systematic study of the combination of ethics and pedagogy is relatively weak. Based on the above understanding, this paper attempts to proceed from several aspects that need to be improved urgently in the present school moral education. By deeply studying the systematic content of Wang Yangming's moral education thought and exploring its reference significance for improving the actual effect of moral education in schools at present, the moral education thought of Wang Yangming, which is discussed in this paper, is mainly referred to in the process of Wang Yangming's lecture. The basic theory, principles and methods of moral cultivation explained to the people of Anhui Province. In order to accurately present the overall picture and characteristics of Wang Yangming's moral education thought, this paper first discusses the subjective factors of the formation of Wang Yangming's moral education thought. The main theoretical origin and the background of the times, and the formation and development of its moral education thought of the historical track is combed. Secondly, this paper starts from the basic category of Wang Yangming's moral education thought. Focus on the logical starting point (heart is reason, core proposition (to conscience, ultimate pursuit (sage personality), path design (practical kung fu) and method assurance (integration of knowledge and practice)) to analyze Wang Yangming's moral education thought in detail. System composition. Again, In order to grasp the connotation and spiritual essence of Wang Yangming's moral education thought more comprehensively and deeply, and to reflect his ideological and theoretical characteristics of "integration of knowledge and practice", this paper also makes a study of the practical concern of Wang Yangming's moral education theory, and puts forward it from the perspective of training Mongolia. In order to explore effectively the contemporary value of Wang Yangming's moral education thought, the basic principles of seeking truth from facts and criticizing and inheriting are adopted in order to deepen scholars' understanding of Wang Yangming's moral education in three aspects: the study of the gentleman and the education of the society. This article also carries on the relatively objective comprehensive appraisal to Wang Yangming's moral education thought, not only fully affirms the bright spot in his thought system, but also points out the inherent limitation of his theory. In order to carry out the research purpose of using the past for the present, combining with the current situation of moral education, especially the new problems and challenges faced by the school moral education in recent years, this paper holds that Wang Yangming's moral education thought can be carried out in the following aspects. In order to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of moral education in schools, it is necessary to pay close attention to the consolidation and strengthening of the status of moral education and to put moral education into practice first, and to ensure the implementation of the principles of moral education. Especially in the process of moral education, it is necessary to re-examine the relationship between the contents of moral education, strengthen the basic role of conscience education, and actively explore the blending of the methods of moral education. Fifth, it is necessary to explore and innovate the way of moral education, and to practice the moral education idea of "the capital of virtue everywhere".
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B248.2
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本文编号：1577790