结构主义方法下阿尔都塞历史无主体论思想特旨研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 23:33

本文选题：阿尔都塞　切入点：历史无主体论　出处：《东北师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“历史无主体论”作为阿尔都塞本人最具代表性的思想,既是阿尔都塞对马克思《资本论》的一种独特解读,同时也是阿尔都塞本人所坚持的一种独特的历史观。阿尔都塞坚信,凌驾于具体的“个人”之上的“社会结构”才是历史发展的“真正主体”,但是由于它只是不具有人身意义的存在,并且也不可以被还原为人的东西,所以它并不能被理解为人类学意义上的主体范畴,因此这种历史观归根到底否认了个人在历史中的主体地位,同时也揭露了资本主义条件下人类最真实的生存状况。本文试图通过对阿尔都塞历史无主体论理论的背景双重视阈下的重新梳理,展开阿尔都塞历史无主体论的全部内涵,进而探究并揭示出阿尔都塞历史无主体论的思想特质。论文的框架和主要内容为:第一章:阿尔都塞历史无主体论的理论基础:结构主义与历史辩证法的联姻。在当代的历史唯物主义理论研究中,显性的“历史无主体论”往往被简单地否定,而隐性的“历史无主体论”则有往往被简单地肯定,因此该章以马克思的历史辩证法为总体视角,在结构主义盛行和人道主义马克思“泛滥”的时代背景下,重新梳理阿尔都塞对历史无主体论思想产生的独特理论背景。第二章:阿尔都塞历史无主体论的思想内涵:“人”的缺席与远去。内容包括阿尔都塞历史无主体论的方法论基础以及该思想内涵的具体展开。阿尔都塞历史无主体论的特殊意义在于,它对于马克思《资本论》中“社会结构具有支配地位”这一观点的深度解读,阿尔都塞基于此提出了“社会关系并非人类学意义上的主体关系”的历史无主体论中的核心观点。第三章:阿尔都塞历史无主体论的思想特旨。阿尔都塞以批判的视角出发,通过理论上的反人道主义思想阐发,在结构性方法的构建下,提出了现实的资本主义时间中其实并无人类学意义上的“人”的存在,从而揭示出资本主义意识形态国家机器带给人的实际上是一种观念上的人类幻象,从而全面的否定了人的存在。
[Abstract]:As the most representative thought of Althusser himself, "the Theory of History without subject" is a unique interpretation of Marx's "Capital" by Althusser. It is also a unique view of history that Althusser himself insists on. Althusser firmly believes that. The "social structure" above the concrete "individual" is the "real subject" of historical development, but because it is only the existence of no personal meaning, and can not be restored to human things, So it can't be understood as a subject category in the anthropological sense, so this view of history, in the final analysis, denies the individual's status as a subject in history. At the same time, it also reveals the most real living conditions of mankind under the condition of capitalism. This paper attempts to rearrange the background of the theory of Althusser's history without subject, and to unfold the whole connotation of Althusser's theory of history without subject. The framework and main contents of the thesis are as follows: chapter one: the theoretical basis of Althusser's historical theory of no subject: the marriage of structuralism and historical dialectics. In the study of contemporary historical materialism, The explicit theory of "history without subject" is often simply negated, while the recessive "theory of history without subject" is often affirmed simply. Therefore, this chapter takes Marx's dialectics of history as the overall angle of view. Against the background of the prevailing structuralism and the "flood" of humanitarian Marx, Chapter two: the ideological connotation of Althusser's theory of history without subject: the absence and departure of "man". The content includes Althusser's theory of history without subject. The special significance of Althusser's historical theory of no subject lies in, It deeply interprets the view that "the social structure has the dominant position" in Marx's Capital. Based on this, Althusser puts forward the core viewpoint of the historical theory of "social relations are not subject relations in the sense of anthropology". Chapter three: the special purpose of Althusser's historical theory of no subject. Althusser sets out from a critical angle of view. Through the theoretical analysis of anti-humanitarianism, under the construction of the structural method, it is pointed out that there is no anthropological "man" in the realistic capitalist time. Thus, it reveals that the capitalist ideological state machine actually brings people a kind of human illusion on the concept, thus negating the existence of human beings in an all-round way.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B03

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