柏拉图《理想国》正义思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 18:17

本文选题：柏拉图　切入点：《理想国》　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：正义是人类社会的基本价值取向,是人类社会最古老的价值目标,正义关乎社会稳定和人民幸福。柏拉图作为系统论述正义原则的第一人,其关于正义的论述主要集中在《理想国》这一著作中。本文结合对柏拉图所处时代、家族背景及其正义思想理论渊源的分析,系统梳理柏拉图《理想国》中的正义思想。柏拉图虽然生于战乱时代,但他出生名门,自幼受到良好政治培养,20岁时更是师从苏格拉底,潜心哲学研究,为他著书立说打下基础。几经政治社会变革后,尤其是苏格拉底之死,让柏拉图认识到,智慧必须与权力相结合,正义才能得以伸张,否则就会存在以合法程序危害正义。只有拥有绝对权力的哲学王统治,城邦才能真正正义,才能实现城邦的政治稳定。柏拉图认为,正义本质上是灵魂自身的恰当状态,是灵魂内在本质的德性;正义是各司其职,是人们合作的基本条件,是处理城邦事物的基本原则。他将现实中的正义分为城邦正义和个人正义。城邦正义就是智慧、勇敢和节制的综合体;个人正义则是缩小的城邦正义,相对于城邦正义,个人正义包括理性、激情和欲望三个层面。城邦正义高于个人正义,是个人正义的前提,只有城邦制度和法律是正义的,才能指引个人实现正义。柏拉图首次建立了完整的正义体系,为当时政治社会和个人的正义追求指明方向、绘就蓝图,但其对个人的德性要求和要建立的城邦状态过于理想,以至于一定程度上具有空想性。柏拉图作为古希腊伟大的思想家其《理想国》对正义秩序的期待,对城邦稳定和个人幸福的追求,对我国法治中国、和谐社会建设有重要指导意义,启示我们在完善社会制度的同时也要强化对领导干部的素质培养;要坚持正义原则,培育人们内心的真善美,努力建设有差别的动态幸福社会。
[Abstract]:Justice is the basic value orientation of human society and the oldest value goal of human society. Justice is related to social stability and people's happiness. Plato is the first person who systematically discusses the principle of justice. His exposition on justice is mainly concentrated in the work of the Republic. This paper analyzes Plato's era, family background and the origin of his thoughts and theories of justice. Though Plato was born in the era of war, Plato was born into a famous family, and was trained by good politics since his childhood. At the age of 20, he was a teacher of Socrates and devoted himself to the study of philosophy. After several political and social changes, especially the death of Socrates, Plato realized that wisdom must be combined with power in order for justice to be done. Otherwise, there will be a legitimate process that endangers justice. Only by the rule of a philosophical king with absolute power can a city-state be truly just and achieve political stability in a city-state. Plato believes that justice is essentially the proper state of the soul itself. Justice is the essential virtue of the soul; justice is the basic condition for people to cooperate; it is the basic principle for dealing with the affairs of the city-state. He divides the justice in reality into city-state justice and individual justice. City-state justice is wisdom, Personal justice is a shrinking city-state justice, which consists of three levels: rationality, passion and desire. City-state justice is superior to individual justice, which is the premise of individual justice. Only when the city-state system and law are just can the individual be guided to achieve justice. Plato first established a complete system of justice, pointing out the direction and drawing a blueprint for the pursuit of justice in the political society and the individual at that time. But its demand for personal virtue and the state of the city-state to be built are so ideal that to some extent it is utopian. Plato, as a great thinker of ancient Greece, expected the order of justice. The pursuit of city-state stability and personal happiness is of great significance to the construction of a harmonious society in China under the rule of law in China. It is revealed that while we are perfecting our social system, we should also strengthen the quality training of leading cadres, and we must adhere to the principle of justice. Cultivate people's inner truth, goodness and beauty, and strive to build a dynamic and happy society with differences.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.232

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