话语与规训：福柯微观权力哲学研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 17:54

本文选题：福柯　切入点：微观权力　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：米歇尔·福柯被誉为最富独创性与思想性的后现代主义哲学家。其以尖锐而超前的视阈,针对西方启蒙社会中“理性”的观念进行有力有节地抨击,以微观视域为权力哲学的切入口,对以国家机器、统治权力为核心的传统宏观权力进行一定程度地解构。以独具特点的考古学与谱系学的研究方式对无时不在、无处不在的微观权力进行独特而赋予逻辑性地探析。福柯的微观权力洞穿现代社会层层屏障、冲散传统哲学的缕缕迷雾,摒弃历史意义上的“连续性”、“总体性”、“必然性”、“中心化”,主张时代观念中的“非连续性”“局部性”、“偶然性”、“边缘化”。强调微观权力的内在概念为权力关系,潜移默化地渗入到社会的最微小部分与最微弱邻域,并以非暴力化、仪式化的规范与纪律形式牵动着社会机体的每一处的末梢神经。福柯认为,微观权力并非统治者施加于被统治者,从上到下的权力统治方法,则是延展到社会的细微之处,自下而上的规范系统。其实际意义在于日常行为之内,而非信仰之中。福柯通过对微观权力哲学的特殊见解与另类表示,进而不断改变着现代社会中对于权力的认知与意识。本文以“话语、规训”的双重考察视角,以此拓展出对整个微观权力哲学的思想来源、概念形成、价值意义与理论缺陷的分析。重点探析微观下话语权力与规训权力的主要内容。其中,话语权力理论通过话语形成与陈述描述,初步诠释话语分析理论的概念,进而以考古学与谱系学为分析对象,详细分析话语权力的研究方法,最后则分别对性话语权力、知识话语权力、真理话语权力三方面加以论述,深刻阐述关于话语权力的研究内容。规训权力理论,则首先通过以历史中惩罚的不同方式进行罗列,即,肉体的酷刑—非肉体的惩罚—监狱。以表明规训权力下身体与权力的内在关系,与规训权力的重要性。以及,通过规训权力的运行机制支撑系统的论述,提出全景敞视主义的监视原则,最终,形成规训社会以及“驯服肉体”。通过对福柯微观权力哲学的分析探究,权力问题实则为福柯毕生所关注的核心主题,唯有“微”予以全面、深刻地阐述其权力特征。其权力观作为后世权力探究的标杆而耸立不动,具有重大而深远的学术价值与社会意义。
[Abstract]:Michele Foucault is known as the most original and thoughtful postmodernist philosopher who, with a sharp and advanced vision, attacks the idea of "reason" in the Western enlightenment society with a strong and disciplined attack. Taking the micro view as the entrance of power philosophy, the traditional macro power with the state machine and ruling power as the core is deconstructed to a certain extent. The research methods of archaeology and genealogy with unique characteristics are always there. The omnipresent microcosmic power makes a unique and logical analysis. Foucault's microcosmic power penetrates the barrier of modern society and dissipates the wisps of traditional philosophy. Abandoning the historical sense of "continuity", "totality", "inevitability", "centralization", advocating "discontinuity", "locality", "contingency" and "marginalization" in the concept of the times. Imperceptibly infiltrating the smallest part of society and the weakest neighborhood, and influencing the peripheral nerves of every part of the body in a non-violent, ritualized form of regulation and discipline, Foucault believes, Microcosmic power is not imposed on the governed by the ruler. The top-down method of power rule extends to the nuances of society, the bottom-up normative system. Foucault constantly changes the cognition and consciousness of power in modern society through his special view and alternative expression of microcosmic power philosophy. In order to expand the whole micro-power philosophy of the source of thought, concept formation, value significance and theoretical defects, focusing on the micro-discourse power and discipline power of the main content. Discourse power theory interprets the concept of discourse analysis theory through discourse formation and description, and then takes archaeology and genealogy as the object of analysis, analyzes the research methods of discourse power in detail, and finally analyzes the sexual discourse power separately. This paper discusses the power of knowledge discourse and the power of truth discourse, and expounds deeply the research contents of discourse power. The theory of discipline power is listed first by different ways of punishment in history, that is, Physical torture-non-physical punishment-prison... To show the inner relationship between body and power under discipline power, the importance of discipline power, and the discussion of supporting system through the operating mechanism of discipline power. Put forward the surveillance principle of panoramic open view, finally, form the discipline society and "tame the body". Through the analysis of Foucault's microcosmic power philosophy, the power problem is the core theme that Foucault paid attention to all his life. Only "micro" can comprehensively and profoundly expound its power characteristics, and its view of power, as the benchmark of power exploration in later generations, stands still, which has great and far-reaching academic value and social significance.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B565.59

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