自由主义视角下“人”与“我”的分野——施蒂纳的自由观及其局限

发布时间：2018-03-26 07:04

本文选题：自由主义　切入点：人　出处：《山东社会科学》2017年03期

【摘要】：近代以来,自由主义之风甚嚣尘上,不知遮蔽和误导了多少人的视界。施蒂纳的超前性在于,他在西方思想史上率先对自由主义所设置的陷阱和迷障展开清算,从人的“唯一性”和“独自性”的角度,揭示出自由主义承袭了对生命个体的“基督教式的轻蔑”,不过是中世纪考察人的神学方式的另一变种,是基督教宗教最后的变形;自由主义所倡导和彰显的平等观念,实际上也无助于对人的深刻认识,同样是一种一无所获的努力;所谓“自由国家”、“人的社会”、道德楷模甚至和睦家庭实质上是要把具体、现实的人约束、塑造和提升为一种理念和范畴。施蒂纳在“人”的大字眼下,看到个体会遭受到压抑和排挤,丧失其价值和本性。他把德国古典哲学中对主体性的讨论深入到个体性层次,直接承接了20世纪人本主义哲学的焦点和主题。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, liberalism has become so rampant that it has not been known how many people have been obscured and misled. Steiner's forerunner lies in the fact that he took the lead in clearing up the traps and enigma set up by liberalism in the history of Western thought. From the angle of "uniqueness" and "solitude" of human beings, it is revealed that liberalism inherits the "Christian contempt" of individual life, but it is just another variant of the way of investigating human theology in the Middle Ages and the final deformation of Christian religion. The idea of equality advocated and manifested by liberalism, in fact, does not contribute to a profound understanding of human beings, nor is it a vain effort; the so-called "free country", "human society", the moral model and even the harmonious family are, in essence, intended to be concrete. Real people constrain, shape and elevate into an idea and category. Steiner, in the words "people", sees individuals being repressed and excluded. Losing its value and nature, he took the discussion of subjectivity in German classical philosophy to the individual level and directly took on the focus and theme of humanism philosophy in the 20th century.
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B14

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