论伊克巴尔的直觉经验

发布时间：2018-03-28 21:46

本文选题：伊克巴尔　切入点：直觉经验　出处：《兰州大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：伊克巴尔认识论的根本目的是为宗教经验的有效性辩护,他的认识论是包含“感觉”、“理性”和“直觉”为一体的统合认识论(Unification Epistemology),他既不是经验主义者和理性主义者,也不是直觉主义者,因为他没有贬低其中任何一种认识能力,而是主张这三种认识能力各司其职,分别用于不同的认识对象,只不过直觉经验具有认识整体的优势,或者说是认识本质的优势。伊克巴尔直觉经验的思想渊源有两个方面:其一是19世纪末20世纪初西方直觉主义对实证主义的回应,即主张科学实证不是人类获得真理的唯一途径,在这一方面他尤其继承了法国哲学家柏格森的思想;其二是传统的伊斯兰苏非主义学说,伊克巴尔为宗教经验辩护在很大程度上就是为苏非主义的神秘经验辩护。伊克巴尔的直觉经验建立在他的时间观念和对康德认识论的批判之上,他将时间区分为“真正的时间”(the real time)和“序列时间”(the serial time),序列时间只不过是真正时间的碎片化。真正的时间是直觉经验的场域,而康德的认识论只在序列时间内有效。人类的理性是可以超越序列时间,在真正的时间那里认识无限的,这个过程具有:明确性、直接性、不可交流性、整体性、客观性和脱时性等特点,这就是伊克巴尔的直觉经验,直觉经验在本质上是超越的理性。伊克巴尔的直觉经验同西方哲学家们的直觉概念有所不同,伊克巴尔直觉经验的认识对象主要是真主;它需要一定阶段的修道才可以达到;而且它是被动的。在现实生活中伊克巴尔积极倡导建立在感觉和理性之上的科学,他认为是伊斯兰教孕育出了西方现代科学及其方法,因此穆斯林学习西方的科学技术本质上是找回伊斯兰自己的传统。科学是我们认识世界的途径,直觉经验是我们认识真主的途径,两者并不矛盾。像科学一样,通过直觉经验得来的宗教知识也是有效的,真实的,也属于我们的知识范畴。通过说明直觉经验的有效性,伊克巴尔进行了伊斯兰的知识化(knowledge-ization of Islam),完成了他对伊斯兰宗教思想的重建。
[Abstract]:The fundamental purpose of Iqbal's epistemology is to defend the validity of religious experience. His epistemology is an integrated epistemology of "feeling", "reason" and "intuition". He is neither an empiricist nor a rationalist. Nor is he a intuitionist, because he does not belittle any of these cognitive abilities, but rather advocates that the three cognitive abilities perform their respective functions, each being used for different objects of understanding, but that intuitive experience has the advantage of understanding the whole. The ideological origin of Iqbal's intuitive experience has two aspects: one is the response of western intuitionism to positivism at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. That is, to claim that scientific positivism is not the only way for mankind to obtain truth. In this respect, he inherits the thought of the French philosopher Bergson, and the second is the traditional Islamic Sufism, Iqbal's defense of religious experience is largely a defense of the mystical experience of Sufism. Iqbal's intuitive experience is based on his concept of time and his critique of Kant's epistemology. He divided time into "real time" and "sequential time" to the serial time.Sequential time is only a fragmentation of real time.Real time is the field of intuitive experience. Kant's epistemology is only valid in sequential time. Human rationality can transcend sequential time and realize infinity in real time. This process has the following characteristics: clarity, directness, non-communion, wholeness. This is Iqbal's intuitive experience, which in essence is transcendent reason. Iqbal's intuitive experience is different from the western philosophers' intuition concept. Iqbal's intuitive experience is understood primarily by Allah; it requires a certain stage of practice to be achieved; and it is passive. In real life Iqbal actively advocates science based on feeling and reason. He believes that Islam gave birth to modern Western science and its methods, so that Muslim learning Western science and technology is essentially a way back to Islam's own tradition. Science is our way to understand the world. Intuitive experience is our way to know God, and there is no contradiction between the two. Like science, religious knowledge gained through intuitive experience is valid, real, and belongs to our knowledge category. By illustrating the validity of intuitive experience, Iqbal carried out the knowledge of Islam and completed his reconstruction of Islamic religious thought.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B371

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