胡秋原现代化思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 08:17

本文选题：胡秋原　切入点：现代化　出处：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：胡秋原是中国现代思想史上不容忽视的民族自由主义儒者。在20世纪中国现代化思潮中,他既接受西方现代价值,又持守中国的道德立场。在与西化论者的多次辩难中,他以哲学人类学为基础,以历史同期比较为进路,评估中西文化之特色与价值,认为现代化所追求的科学、民主、自由等不为西方文化所独有,中国文化有科学、民主、自由的理论与实践,只是在现代没有发展到西方文化所具有的高度而已。为了探明中国现代化难以实现的原因,以及中国文化复兴的根据与条件,在现代发展中超越现代化的病态,胡秋原分别对科学、民主、自由进行详细的专题论析。本文采取历时性理解和专题分析的研究方法,对胡秋原的现代化思想展开研究,共有五章。第一章和第二章以1949年为历史节点,分别对胡秋原的现代化思想作历时性的理解,考察胡秋原现代化思想变化中不变的思想主题。在此基础上,后三章分别以科学、民主、自由为专题,分析胡秋原的现代化思想。在历时性理解方面,本文首先通过两场现代化讨论来理解20世纪前半叶的胡秋原现代化思想。1933年,中国思想界从经济现代化的角度,对中国现代化问题进行了讨论,讨论并没有产生一致的结论,但使“现代化”一词广为流传。胡秋原在对这场现代化讨论的回应中,认为中国经济的现代化应当实行以市场为主导的工业资本主义,这表明他接受了作为富强手段的现代化。在这场经济现代化讨论发生不久,中国思想界爆发了以“中国本位”与“全盘西化”为主题的文化现代化大讨论。胡秋原在回应这场讨论时,对“中国本位”表示同情,对全盘西化采取完全否弃的态度,并从一种文化理想的角度,提出中国文化现代化的方案。他试图立足于传统,将“现代化”与“西化”分开,但又承认西方现代文化是中国文化的未来。在20世纪后半叶,胡秋原的现代化思想集中体现于两场论战。首先,60年代初,台湾发生了中西文化论战,胡秋原是这场论战的主角之一。在这场论战中,他驳斥西化,为传统正名,提出了“超越前进”的现代观,并对殷海光的个人自由主义进行了批判。其次,60年代末,美国现代化理论风靡东亚,台湾受其影响而有反民族主义的现代化思潮,而胡秋原坚持民族主义的工业化,两者不免发生持久的论战。在对影响台湾甚大的费正清中国观的批判中,胡秋原再次明确了“现代”的历史时期以及中国传统社会不与现代相隔绝的观点。在对反民族主义的批评中,胡秋原主张民族主义是现代化的助力,现代化不是要中国发展成为另一个美国,而是立足于传统,创造中国新文化。在专题分析方面,本文首先探析了胡秋原对科学的反思。胡秋原通过厘定科学的知识本性,消除科学主义对科学的崇拜。对于科学主义造成的价值判断的虚无化,他根据自然目的论重建价值判断。以此为基础,胡秋原分析中国科学落后的历史原因在于传统专制政治对科学精神的压制,而作为最合理的目的论,儒学对科学的发展有助益之功,并能够对科学提供价值判断的指导原则。其次,胡秋原对民主进行了反思。他从西方民主的历史抽绎出民主的普遍含义,以此判定中国传统文化中有民主的萌芽,而民主在中国发展迟缓的原因不在于中国传统社会是所谓的“封建社会”,而在于闭关政策与八股精神。对于中国现代民主运动何以频频受挫,胡秋原认为一方面是外部的入侵,一方面是内部对传统文化的否弃,两者合力造成物质、人力与精神等三个方面的民主条件难以具备。因此,促成民主之道,就在于充分实现民主的三个条件。最后,胡秋原对自由进行了反思。胡秋原对自由的理解发生了三次转变,最终以尽性释自由。他认为现代化病态的根源在于中西文化中自由精神之式微,他批判西方自由主义自始就是不彻底的,而中国传统文化中的自由精神因专制体制不得申明,且在现代被否弃,代之而兴的是西方自由主义,因此,他提出想走出现代化的发展弊端,必由新的彻底的自由主义出发。胡秋原的现代化思想有其时代性,但重要的是,它是一种文化批评。胡秋原始终坚持从文化理想出发,对现实进行肯定与批判,这对于矫正现代化病态已经暴露无遗而大多数人仍将现代化视为一种不容置疑的追求这种偏向而言,具有极大的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Hu Qiuyuan is China modern ideological history can not be ignored. In twentieth Century the National Liberal scholar China modernization thoughts, he can accept the western modern value, and keeps China moral stance. In debates with the latter, based on his philosophical anthropology, compared with historical approach, evaluation of special features of Chinese and Western culture and value, that the pursuit modernization of science, democracy, freedom is not unique to the western culture, China culture with science, democracy, theory and practice, not only in modern western culture has developed to the height of it. In order to find out the reasons China modernization is difficult to achieve, and according to the conditions and Chinese the cultural renaissance, beyond the modern morbid in modern development, Hu Qiuyuan of science, democracy, freedom of the detailed analysis on the topic.
This paper adopts the research method of diachronic understanding and analysis of the topic, research on Hu Qiuyuan's modernization thought, is divided into five chapters. The first chapter and the second chapter in 1949 as the historical node, the idea of Hu Qiuyuan's modernization are the diachronic study of Hu Qiuyuan modernization thought understanding, the theme of constant change. On this basis, after the three chapter with science, democracy and freedom for the project, analysis of Hu Qiuyuan's thought of modernization.
In the diachronic comprehension, this paper discussed two modern understanding of the first half of the twentieth Century Hu Qiuyuan modernization thought.1933, Chinese thought from the angle of modern economy, the problem of Chinese modernization are discussed, the discussion did not produce consistent results, but the term "modernization" of Hu Qiuyuan in the discussion of this widely circulated. The modern field response, that China economic modernization should be market-oriented industrial capitalism, which shows that he is accepted as powerful means of modernization. Shortly after the discussion in this field of economic modernization, the outbreak of the cultural modernization discussion on "Chinese standard" and "Westernization" as the theme of the China ideological circle. Hu Qiuyuan in response to this discussion, expressed sympathy for the "Chinese standard", take a completely abandoning attitude to westernization, and from a culture of Science From the point of view, he put forward a plan of modernization of Chinese culture. He tried to separate the modernization from Westernization based on tradition, but he also admitted that western modern culture is the future of Chinese culture.
In the second half of the twentieth Century, Hu Qiuyuan's modernization thoughts are reflected in two controversies. First, at the beginning of 60s, the Chinese and Western cultural controversy in Taiwan, Hu Qiuyuan is one of the protagonists of this debate. In this debate, he dismissed the Westernization, traditional name, put forward the "overtaking" the modern concept, and Yin Haiguang the individual liberalism criticizes. Secondly, at the end of 60s, the United States modernization theory popular in East Asia, Taiwan affected by the anti nationalism and modernization trend of thought, Hu Qiuyuan insisted on nationalism industrialization, both inevitably have lasting controversy. Criticism of the very large influence on Taiwan's Fei Zhengqing Chinese outlook, Hu Qiuyuan again clearly the "modern" historical period and China not isolated from the traditional society. In the modern view of anti nationalist criticism, Hu Qiuyuan argued that nationalism is the modern power, Modernization does not require China to develop into another United States, but based on tradition and create a new culture in China.
In the project analysis, this paper firstly analyzes the reflection of Hu Qiuyuan on science. Hu Qiuyuan through setting the scientific knowledge of nature, eliminate the scientism of science worship. For the scientism value judgment nihilization, according to his natural teleology reconstruction value. On the basis of scientific analysis, Hu Qiuyuan China behind the historical reason lies in the traditional the autocratic political repression of the spirit of science, and as the most reasonable objective theory, helpful work on scientific development of Confucianism, and can provide guidelines for judging the value of science.
Secondly, Hu Qiuyuan's reflection on democracy. He is generally meaning of democracy from the western democratic history works, in order to determine the Democratic Chinese sprout in the traditional culture, and the reasons of slow development of democracy in China is not Chinese traditional society is the so-called "feudal society", but in the closed door policy and spirit for eight shares. China modern democracy movement is frequently frustrated, Hu Qiuyuan believes that one is external invasion, one is the inside of the traditional culture of abandoning, together causing substances, three aspects of human spirit and democratic conditions are difficult to have. Therefore, the road to democracy, lies in the three conditions to realize democracy.
Finally, Hu Qiuyuan's reflection on freedom. Changed three times Hu Qiuyuan's idea of freedom, and ultimately to release as freedom. He believed the root lies in the spirit of freedom micro morbid modernization in Chinese and Western culture, he criticized the western liberalism from the beginning is not thorough, and free spirit in the traditional culture for authoritarian China the system shall be stated, and was abandoned in modern times, and is replaced by western liberalism, therefore, he proposed the development of modernization will want to get out of problems, starting from the new radical liberalism.
Hu Qiuyuan's modernization thoughts with the times, but the important thing is that it is a kind of cultural criticism. Hu Qiu original persist in the end from the perspective of cultural ideal, affirming and criticizing the reality, the correction for modern morbid and most people will still have completely unmasked modernization as a pursuit of this bias allow all doubt, has the reality of great significance.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B26

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