宋代马远《三教图》儒佛道始祖像评说

发布时间：2018-04-05 23:12

  本文选题：马远　切入点：《三教图》　出处：《世界宗教研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：宋代马远《三教图》中儒佛道始祖孔子、释迦牟尼和老子画像,透视出人们对三教认知在认同基础上的差异。此图原解为佛坐、道立、儒作礼,显示出扬佛抑儒倾向。南宋理宗令儒臣江子远作解,则旋转了三祖画像的原解之意,儒居于上,并深得理宗赞赏。理宗对新儒学即理学思想崇敬有加,将其立为官学,却又与理学家朱熹等不同,对佛、道表现出更多尊崇,历代少有。南宋后期,三教并尊成为时代特征,包括理学人物真德秀等。人们围绕马远《三教图》的解读,体现出那个时代的三教观。后世对此图的关注,对宋人作解的赏识以及一些新的解说,反映南宋以后儒学官学延续、三教并行的社会现实,也是三教认同思想的延伸。"心同"而"迹异",正是三教长期共存、发展并产生重要影响的根本原因所在。
[Abstract]:The paintings of Confucius, Sakyamuni and Laozi, the ancestors of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the Song Dynasty, reveal the differences in people's cognition of the three religions on the basis of identity.This picture is originally interpreted as Buddha sitting, Taoism, Confucianism as a ceremony, showing the Buddhist tendency to suppress Confucianism.In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Confucian emperor Jiang Ziyuan made the explanation, then he rotated the original meaning of the portrait of the three ancestors, and the Confucianism lived on the top, and was deeply appreciated by the Confucian sect.Lizong adored Neo-Confucianism, that is, Neo-Confucianism, as an official school, but different from Neo-Confucianism Zhu Xi, he showed more respect for Buddhism and Taoism, which were rare in the past dynasties.In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the three religions became the characteristics of the times, including the Neo-Confucianism figures such as Zhende Xiu.People around Ma Yuan's interpretation of the three religions reflected the three religions of that era.The attention of later generations to this picture, the appreciation of the interpretation of the Song people and some new explanations reflect the continuation of Confucianism and official studies after the Southern Song Dynasty, and the social reality of the coexistence of the three religions, which is also an extension of the three religions' identity thought. "The reason why the three religions coexist, develop and have important influence for a long time.
【作者单位】： 郑州大学历史学院;
【分类号】：B222;B948;B958
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本文编号：1716903