冯友兰人生境界说研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 01:25

本文选题：冯友兰　切入点：觉解　出处：《兰州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：冯友兰先生是我国现当代著名哲学家,其人生境界说在学术界影响很大,本文试图梳理冯友兰先生在其代表作《新原人》里的人生境界学说,以期对于他早期的人生境界学说有一个恰当的定位和阐发。冯友兰先生认为,人之所以为人,是因为人有心,有觉解,能知性。虽然人们的基本属性都是共同的,但是人与人之间也并不是没有区分的,人们因为觉解程度的不同而具有不同的境界。冯友兰先生的境界学说包含四个层次：自然境界、功利境界、道德境界、天地境界。自然境界中的人,其行为是顺才或顺习的,他对于其所行的事的性质没有清楚的了解；同样,他所行的事,对于他也没有清晰的意义。功利境界中的人,其行为是求利的,他所求的是自己的利益。不过,这层境界中的人,对于自己及他的利益,都有清楚的觉解。道德境界中的人,其行为是行义的,这层境界中的人,对于人的本性已有一定的觉解,他的行为是以贡献为目的的。在天地境界中的人,其行为是事天的,他已经明晓在社会的全之外还有宇宙的全；可以说,处在天地境界中的人对于人生和宇宙有完全的觉解,他不仅知性,而且也知天。自然境界与功利境界是自然的产物,道德境界与天地境界是精神的创造；人要进入精神创造的境界并不容易,这要求人在理论上和实践上都要有杰出的修养。对于中国人来说,虽然人还不能摆脱才与命、死与生的限制,但是人通过自身的修养,致知用敬,便能贯通天道而超越这些界限,达到顺化的天地境界。本文将着力于《新原人》中境界学说的逻辑梳理,尽量厘清其内在的思想结构,通过对冯友兰人生境界说的重新解读,从一个侧面来显现现当代哲学家对于构建新的道统的努力,并以此为基础,进一步思考境界学说对于当代中国人精神生活和学术生活的影响。
[Abstract]:Mr. Feng Youlan is a famous philosopher of modern and contemporary China, and his theory of realm of life has a great influence in academic circles. This paper attempts to sort out the theory of life realm of Mr. Feng Youlan in his masterpiece the New Plains.With a view to his early life realm theory has a proper positioning and interpretation.Feng Youlan believes that the reason why people are people is because they have heart, understanding and understanding.Although the basic attributes of people are common, but there is not no distinction between people, people have different realms because of the different degree of understanding.Feng Youlan's theory of realm consists of four levels: natural realm, utilitarian realm, moral realm and heaven and earth realm.A man in the realm of nature, whose behavior is submissive or obedient, does not have a clear understanding of the nature of what he does; likewise, what he does has no clear meaning for him.A man in utilitarian realm seeks profit in his actions, but his own interests.However, the person in this realm has a clear understanding of himself and his interests.The behavior of a man in a moral realm is just, and the man in this realm has a certain sense of human nature, and his behavior is for the purpose of contribution.The behavior of a man in the realm of heaven and earth is heavenly, and he has learned that there is the whole universe beyond the whole of society; it can be said that the man in the realm of heaven and earth has a complete understanding of life and the universe, and he not only knows but also knows heaven.The natural realm and the utilitarian realm are the products of nature, the moral realm and the realm of heaven and earth are the creation of the spirit, and it is not easy for man to enter the realm of spiritual creation, which requires the outstanding accomplishment in theory and practice.For the Chinese people, although people can not get rid of the limitations of talent and life, death and life, but through their own self-cultivation, knowledge and respect, you can pass through heaven and earth to transcend these boundaries, and reach the realm of Hue.This paper will focus on the logic of the theory of the realm in the New Plains, try to clarify its internal ideological structure, through the re-interpretation of Feng Youlan's theory of the realm of life.On the basis of the efforts of modern and contemporary philosophers to construct a new moral system, the influence of realm theory on the spiritual life and academic life of contemporary Chinese is further considered.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B26

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