柏拉图的灵魂观及其现代意蕴

发布时间：2018-04-14 17:22

本文选题：柏拉图 + 灵魂观　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自古以来,“灵魂”问题一直是人们广泛关注的复杂问题。纵观哲学史,许多哲学家都将灵魂作为重要内容进行研究。发展至今,“灵魂”问题演变为“心灵”问题,大批社会和自然科学家卷入其中开展研究,形成了各式各样的“心灵哲学”。在众多研究“灵魂”问题的哲学家中,柏拉图无疑是奠基性人物,他对灵魂问题作了有别于他人的独特诠释,具体表现在：(一)他认为灵魂是超越时空永恒不朽的独立精神实体,是沟通物质世界与理念世界的桥梁,且具有理性特质和能动的求真向善能力,是生命运动的原则。(二)他发展出相对完善的灵魂理论体系,对灵魂的本质与特征、构成与分类、统治与不朽、功能与净化进行了创造性论说。(三)他开启了在认识论意义上研究灵魂的新进路,让灵魂更富理性精神意义,使整个西方哲学包围在“理性”的统治中,沿着“求真”、“向善”这两条研究路径向前发展。本文立足于马克思主义,通过对柏拉图原著及其相关著作的解读,试图阐明柏拉图灵魂观的思想渊源,梳理出柏拉图灵魂观的理论体系,并对其灵魂观的精神实质及现代意蕴进行挖掘和探索,以揭示其对当代人类的心灵、意识及生死问题的借鉴和启示,促进马克思主义哲学的丰富和发展。本文共分六个部分：第一部分：绪论。概要说明选题缘起、研究意义与现状、创新之处和研究方法。第二部分：柏拉图灵魂观的思想渊源。概要梳理古希腊荷马史诗神话中蕴含的灵魂思想、古希腊宗教之奥尔弗斯教的灵魂思想,以及对柏拉图思想产生重要影响的毕达哥拉斯和苏格拉底的灵魂观。第三部分：柏拉图灵魂观的基本内容。系统阐述柏拉图灵魂观的基本内容,从灵魂的本质与特征、灵魂的分类与构成、灵魂的统治与不朽、灵魂的功能与净化等四个方面,对柏拉图灵魂观的思想内容进行分层阐述。第四部分：柏拉图灵魂观的精神实质。通过对柏拉图灵魂观的梳理与辨析,揭示其唯心主义灵魂观的思想实质。第五部分：柏拉图灵魂观的现代意蕴。从心灵哲学、人学和死亡哲学等视角挖掘柏拉图灵魂观的现代意蕴,初步探索其对发展马克思主义哲学的借鉴与启迪。第六部分：结语。简要说明柏拉图灵魂观所蕴含的价值和理论缺陷,并对本文的工作及不完善的地方作出总结。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, the question of "soul" has been a complex problem that people pay attention to widely.Throughout the history of philosophy, many philosophers have studied soul as an important content.Up to now, the "soul" problem has evolved into the "soul" problem, in which a large number of social and natural scientists have been involved in the research, forming a variety of "philosophy of mind".Among the many philosophers who have studied the question of "soul", Plato is undoubtedly a foundational figure. He has made a unique interpretation of the question of soul, which is different from others.He holds that the soul is an independent spiritual entity that transcends the eternal immortality of time and space, is the bridge between the material world and the world of ideas, and has the rational characteristics and the ability to seek truth for good, which is the principle of life movement.(2) he developed a relatively perfect soul theory system, and made a creative argument on the essence and characteristics, constitution and classification, rule and immortality, function and purification of the soul.(3) he opens a new way to study the soul in the epistemological sense, makes the soul more rational and spiritual meaning, causes the whole western philosophy to surround in the rule of "reason", and develops along the two research paths of "seeking truth" and "turning to good".Based on Marxism, this paper attempts to clarify the ideological origin of Plato's view of soul through the interpretation of Plato's original works and related works, and to sort out the theoretical system of Plato's view of soul.The spiritual essence and modern meaning of his view of soul are explored and explored in order to reveal their reference and enlightenment to the problems of soul consciousness and life and death of contemporary human beings and to promote the enrichment and development of Marxist philosophy.This paper is divided into six parts:Part one: introduction.Briefly explain the origin of the topic, research significance and current situation, innovation and research methods.The second part: the thought origin of Plato's view of soul.This paper summarizes the soul thought contained in the epic mythology of Homer in ancient Greece, the soul thought of Orpheus in ancient Greek religion, and the soul view of Pythagoras and Socrates, which has an important influence on Plato's thought.The third part: the basic content of Plato's view of soul.This paper systematically expounds the basic contents of Plato's view on soul, including the essence and characteristics of soul, the classification and composition of soul, the rule and immortality of soul, the function and purification of soul, and expounds the ideological content of Plato's view of soul.The fourth part: the spiritual essence of Plato's view of soul.By combing and discriminating Plato's view of soul, the ideological essence of his idealistic view of soul is revealed.The fifth part: the modern meaning of Plato's view of soul.This paper explores the modern meaning of Plato's view of soul from the perspectives of philosophy of mind, humanology and philosophy of death, and preliminarily explores its reference and enlightenment to the development of Marxist philosophy.Part VI: conclusion.This paper briefly explains the value and theoretical defects of Plato's view of soul, and summarizes the work and imperfections of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B502.232

【参考文献】