历史意识与义理诠释——以朱熹《四书章句集注》中“道统”观为例

发布时间：2018-04-16 19:31

本文选题：朱熹 + 四书　；参考：《杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：朱熹于六十岁之龄撰成《中庸章句序》、标举"道统"之说,将孔、曾、思、孟"四子"与《大学》《论语》《中庸》《孟子》"四书"配合,确立孔门之传的文本内容,赋予"四书"经典神圣属性,饶有宣言意义。朱熹一生追寻"二程",标举孟子继承绝学,建构圣圣相承系谱,于是上溯而及于尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武、周公历叙群圣之传,继而及于孔子地位的确认,又进而梳理孔子、曾子、子思、孟子心法相传、《孟子》文本当中圣圣相传之线索,促发人们对朱熹道统的再思考,厘清性善说法,确立儒学内涵,绾合两者,溯源衍流,遂能响应北宋以来儒学自觉的思潮与反省,激化圣化历史的想象,古今之间,环环相扣,工夫与境界,融铸于一。经典诠释必须回归历史情境,甚至必须在语脉当中方能得见注者的思考与用心。义理诠释存在诸多历史线索,诚乃毋庸置疑之事。朱熹以此建构儒学圣贤相传的历史意象,一抒个人的终极情怀,皆慨然以承担"道统"为己任,遂能唤起无比之感动。
[Abstract]:At the age of 60, Zhu Xi wrote the "Zhanzhang sentence of the Golden mean", presenting the theory of "Taoism" and combining Kong, Zeng, Si, Meng's "four sons" with "the Analects of the Analects" and "the Middle mean" and "Mencius" "four Books" to establish the textual content of the biography of Confucius.The four Books are endowed with the sacred attributes of the Classics and have the significance of declaration.Zhu Xi pursued the "two stages" in his life, marked Mencius' inheritance, and constructed a genealogy of holy faces. He then traced back to Yu Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou Gregorian, and the confirmation of Confucius' status, and then combed Confucius.Zengzi, Zi Si, Mencius' heart-to-heart legend, and the clues in the text of Mencius about the sages of the saints, have stimulated people to reconsider Zhu Xi's Taoism, to clarify the theory of good nature, to establish the connotation of Confucianism, to tie the two together, and to trace back to the source.Therefore, it can respond to the ideological trend and introspection of Confucianism since the Northern Song Dynasty, intensify the imagination of consecrated history, link each other between ancient and modern times, work and realm, and melt into one.Classical interpretation must return to the historical context, and even in the context of the Chinese side can see the mind of the annotator.There are many historical clues in the interpretation of justice, which is beyond doubt.Zhu Xi constructs the historical image of Confucian sages, expresses his ultimate feelings, and takes the responsibility of "Taoism" as his responsibility, which can arouse unparalleled emotion.
【作者单位】：台湾政治大学中文系;
【分类号】：B244.7

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