亚里士多德“灵魂-认知”理论研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 11:28

本文选题：亚里士多德 + 认知　；参考：《哲学研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：基于认知哲学的新视阈,古典灵魂思想有着丰富的认知意蕴,因为其常常是古典时期用以解释世界的原则、阐释认知主体即生命的原理。亚里士多德的灵魂学说不仅深入地阐释了灵魂之本质特性及其层序结构,系统地阐明了各层序灵魂的诸机能,而且表明灵魂诸机能的展现过程恰是生命之认知进程。认知的发生进程,与灵魂的启动与层序紧密相关,灵魂的内在性结构即认知机制结构,灵魂之机能的展开恰是认知推进,灵魂结构与认识结构也是同构的。从具体感觉到抽象理性是感觉灵魂机能到理性灵魂机能的攀升过程,展现了认知进程的有序展开。认知的发生与推进中机能不断展现,恰是灵魂秉性从潜能到现实的转化过程。由此,亚里士多德将认知与灵魂紧密结合,形成了内涵丰富的"灵魂—认知"理论。该理论是古典认知理论的典范,不仅为亚里士多德的知识论奠定了形而上的基础,深刻地影响了亚里士多德整个哲思体系的建构,而且对后亚里士多德时代对认知问题的思考有着不可忽视的影响。深入挖掘这一古典智慧,对于透视近现代认知理论,推进当前认知科学和哲学研究,具有不可替代的价值。
[Abstract]:Based on the new vision of cognitive philosophy, the classical soul thought has rich cognitive implication, because it is often the principle used to explain the world in the classical period, explaining the principle of the cognitive subject that is the principle of life. Aristotle's theory of soul not only explains in depth the essential characteristics and sequence structure of soul, but also expounds systematically the functions of every sequence of souls, and shows that the process of displaying the functions of soul is just the cognitive process of life. The process of cognition is closely related to the initiation and sequence of the soul. The intrinsic structure of the soul is the structure of cognitive mechanism, and the function of the soul is exactly the development of cognition, and the structure of the soul and the structure of cognition are also isomorphic. From concrete feeling to abstract reason is the ascending process from the function of feeling soul to the function of rational soul, which shows the orderly development of cognitive process. The continuous development of the function of cognition is the transformation process of the spirit's nature from potential to reality. Therefore, Aristotle combined cognition with soul and formed the theory of "soul-cognition". This theory is a model of classical cognitive theory, which not only lays a metaphysical foundation for Aristotle's theory of knowledge, but also profoundly influences the construction of Aristotle's whole philosophical system. Moreover, it has an important influence on the thinking of cognitive problems in the post-Aristotle era. Digging into this classical wisdom is of irreplaceable value for the perspective of modern cognitive theory and the promotion of current cognitive science and philosophical research.
【作者单位】：对外经济贸易大学思政部;
【基金】：北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心(对外经济贸易大学)资助
【分类号】：B502.233

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