霍布斯的自由观与必然观探析

发布时间：2018-05-06 22:06

本文选题：自由观 + 必然观　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：霍布斯作为17世纪英国政治哲学的重要代表人物,他对自由观与必然观这一对范畴进行了比较深刻的剖析。霍布斯对自由观与必然观的论述不再狭隘地局限于他们的关系问题,而是将他们具体地运用到人性的分析、社会契约的订立及国家的创建等政治实践当中,为探索现代国家的起源及西方文明的发展提供了独特的视角。霍布斯的自由观与必然观思想有其深刻的理论根源,文艺复兴运动及宗教改革为霍布斯的自由主义提供了萌芽的种子,自然科学的迅猛发展冲破了神学的藩篱,为必然观的发展提供了理论上的准备。而自然法与社会契约论为霍布斯的自由观奠定了理论基石,因果决定论有助于我们更好地理解霍布斯的必然观。霍布斯作为西方近代哲学史上著名的唯物主义哲学家,一方面他把物体的一切运动及变化都归结为必然的,要认识自然运动的必然性必须根据物体的因果联系去,并从根本上否定了偶然性的存在,偶然性只不过是人们对事物产生原因的无知;另一方面,他又强调人及其选择的“绝对自由”,人不仅拥有自然状态中的“天赋自由”及国家状态中法律沉默下的自由。霍布斯认为自由与必然是内在相容的,并将其运用到国家建设中去。本文首先从自然界的运动、意志及斟酌三个层面分析霍布斯自由观的内涵,并从自然权利、自然法、人性论、社会契约论的角度深入探讨霍布斯自然状态中及国家状态中的自由,然后分析出于恐惧、斟酌的内在激情与自由的关系;其次分析由充足原因引起的必然性,它等同于因果决定论并探讨它与偶然性的关系;然后从机械唯物主义、机械决定论及社会契约论三个层面分析霍布斯的自由与必然,并借用全能的上帝达到自由与必然的内在一致性;最后,分析霍布斯自由与必然的现实意义及对后世哲学家的影响。
[Abstract]:As an important representative of British political philosophy in the 17 th century, Hobbes made a deep analysis of the concept of freedom and necessity. Hobbes' discussion of the concept of freedom and necessity is no longer confined to their relationship, but is applied to the political practice of human nature analysis, social contract formation and the creation of the state. It provides a unique perspective for exploring the origin of modern countries and the development of Western civilization. Hobbes' ideas of freedom and necessity have profound theoretical roots. The Renaissance and religious reform provided Hobbes with the seeds of liberalism, and the rapid development of natural science broke through the barrier of theology. It provides theoretical preparation for the development of the concept of necessity. The theory of natural law and social contract lays a theoretical foundation for Hobbes' view of freedom, and causality determinism helps us to better understand Hobbes' view of necessity. Hobbes is a famous materialist philosopher in the history of western modern philosophy. On the one hand, he ascribes all the movements and changes of objects to necessity. In order to understand the inevitability of natural movement, he must base on the causality of objects. On the other hand, he emphasized the "absolute freedom" of man and his choice. Man has not only the natural state of "natural freedom" and the state of the state of freedom under the silence of law. Hobbes believes that freedom and necessity are intrinsically compatible and applies it to state-building. This paper first analyzes the connotation of Hobbes' view of freedom from three aspects: movement, will and consideration of nature, and from natural rights, natural law, theory of human nature. From the perspective of social contract theory, the author explores the freedom in Hobbes' state of nature and state of state, and then analyzes the relationship between the inner passion and freedom, which is considered out of fear, and then analyzes the inevitability caused by sufficient reasons. It is equivalent to causality determinism and discusses the relationship between it and chance, and then analyzes Hobbes' freedom and necessity from three aspects: mechanical materialism, mechanical determinism and social contract theory. Finally, the author analyzes the realistic significance of Hobbes' freedom and necessity and their influence on later philosophers.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B561.22

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