伊壁鸠鲁与近代宗教批判关系疏证——一种施特劳斯主义视角

发布时间：2018-05-07 19:59

本文选题：伊壁鸠鲁 + 阿威罗伊　；参考：《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：近代启蒙宗教批判的思想资源主要包括三个传统:强调格物—修身的伊壁鸠鲁传统,讲求义理之辩的阿威罗伊传统,注重德性—勇敢的马基雅维利传统。伊壁鸠鲁传统把神yG视为扰乱人心安宁的恐惧之源;阿威罗伊传统将宗教视为政治统治的工具和精神鸦片;马基雅维利则试图否弃基督教的隐忍和禁欲德性,倡导一种与寂静主义相对立的进取精神和入世态度。比较而言,伊壁鸠鲁传统的近代复兴和人性追问,更为深入地影响了近代启蒙的宗教批判。但也应看到,近代哲人也对伊壁鸠鲁的动机(个体心安→社会安宁)、资源(原子论→人类学、自然科学)和结论(恐惧之源→谬误与枷锁)进行了大幅修正和改造,这鲜明地体现在达科斯塔、阿佩雷尔、霍布斯以及斯宾诺莎的圣经批判中。因此,清理伊壁鸠鲁的神yG批判及其在近代的挪用和修正,对理解近代启蒙宗教批判的深层脉动和思想走向具有重要的正本清源意义。
[Abstract]:The ideological resources of modern enlightenment religious criticism mainly include three traditions: the Epicurus tradition, the Aviroy tradition, and the Machiavelli tradition. The tradition of Epicurus regards the God-YG as a source of fear for disturbing peace of mind; the Aviro tradition regards religion as a tool of political rule and spiritual opium; and Machiavelli tries to reject Christian forbearance and abstinence. Advocate a kind of enterprising spirit and attitude of joining WTO which is opposite to stillism. Comparatively speaking, Epicurus' traditional modern revival and humanity inquiry deeply influenced the religious criticism of modern enlightenment. But it should also be noted that modern philosophers have also substantially modified and modified Epicurus' motives (individual peace of mind, social tranquillity, resources (atomic anthropology, natural science) and conclusions (fallacy and shackles of fear). This is clearly reflected in the biblical criticism of da Costa, Aperture, Hobbes, and Spinoza. Therefore, cleaning up Epicurus' criticism of God yG and its misappropriation and revision in modern times is of great significance for understanding the deep pulsation and ideological trend of modern enlightenment religious criticism.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学哲学系;复旦大学哲学学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目(13CZX061) 第59批中国博士后科学基金面上资助(2016M591610)
【分类号】：B502.31;B929

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