从“形与体之辩”到“体与理之辩”——中国古典哲学思想范式之嬗变历程

发布时间：2018-05-09 10:19

  本文选题：形 + 体　； 参考：《中国社会科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：随着"形"到"形而上"的演化,先秦哲学确立的"形"范式遂逐渐转换为"体"范式。魏晋之际,新形名家再度崛起,高扬"形(名)"。作为对此的回应,其他思想家则分别从儒家、道家立场出发,以"体"来拨正"形"。王弼将"形"与"体"划分为两个层次,"形"为实存之"然","体"为"所以然",从而使"形"彻底被贬抑,"形体之辩"最终自觉确立起"体"范式的主导地位。宋儒一方面以"未尝无"、"见在底"与"合当底"统一来诠释与规定"体",继续推进相应思考;另一方面,将"理"提升至"所以然"与"所当然"的统一,进而以"理"规定"体"。作为"所当然"的"体"被用于摹写"人",但不能用来描述"物","体"的描述功能被挤压而受限。由此,"理"压倒"体"而被确立为新的思想范式。从"形与体之辩"到"体与理之辩","形"、"体"、"理"三范式的自觉嬗变,呈现了中国古典哲学思想脉络的完整性与系统性。
[Abstract]:With the evolution of "form" to "metaphysics", the "form" paradigm established by pre-Qin philosophy gradually transformed into "body" paradigm. At the time of Wei and Jin dynasties, the new stylist rose again and exalted "form (name)". In response, other thinkers set out from the standpoint of Confucianism and Taoism to correct the form. Wang Bi divides "form" and "body" into two levels. "form" is the "reality" and "body" is "the cause", so that "form" is thoroughly derogated, and the "debate of form" finally establishes the dominant position of the paradigm of "body" consciously. On the one hand, the Confucianism of the Song Dynasty interpreted and stipulated the "body" with the unity of "see in the bottom" and "fit in the bottom" to promote corresponding thinking; on the other hand, he promoted "reason" to the unity of "what is the cause" and "of course". Then "reason" prescribes "body". "body" as "of course" is used to describe "human", but can not be used to describe "thing", the function of describing "body" is squeezed and restricted. As a result, reason has been established as a new paradigm of thought. The conscious evolution of the three paradigms from "form and body" to "argument between body and principle", "form", "body" and "reason" presents the integrity and systematization of Chinese classical philosophy.
【作者单位】： 华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所暨哲学系;
【基金】：教育部基地重大项目“通过—超过:古今中西之争视域下达冯契哲学研究”(16JJD720005) 江苏省“公民道德与社会风尚”协同创新中心、“道德发展智库”阶段性成果
【分类号】：B21
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本文编号：1865648