马克思平等观视域下马歇尔公民身份理论研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 08:17

本文选题：平等 + 社会阶级　；参考：《辽宁大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：二十世纪初,随着资本主义社会的政治与经济结构的发展变化,英国出现了T.H.马歇尔(Thomas Humphrey Marshall)的公民身份理论,并在西方当代平等理论中产生了重大的影响。马歇尔开创性的确立了公民身份权力结构研究的基本框架,提出了建构起复合社会福利国家的设想。他试图从个体性出发,用公民身份的平等原则削弱社会阶级的不平等基础,将个人权利的平等实现作为社会平等实现的目标,追求的是权利拥有的个体性平等。由于他的公民身份理论中内含着消除阶级不平等的理论建构和追求现实平等的现实指向,这便为马克思平等观视域的“出场”提供了较为重要的理论参照。马克思从人类解放的现实性维度出发,追求的是每个人在共产主义联合体中实现的终极平等,并将个人平等的实现寓于社会整体发展的历史进程之中。在马克思为我们提供的平等视域中,社会生产力是推动平等实现的客观力量和物质基础,变革以私有制为基础的生产关系、消灭阶级对立是平等实现的手段和途径,共产主义联合体是平等实现的社会模式,每个人的全面自由发展是平等实现的最终目的。基于马克思平等观视域的考察我们发现,马歇尔运用公民身份理论系统地剖析了阶级与平等的内在关系,从“经济秩序”出发来判定社会阶级的形成,认为社会阶级之间的经济不平等是资本主义社会不平等的主要原因,同时对资本主义制度进行了现实批判,使马克思的平等思想结合时代变化得到了某种程度的发挥。但马歇尔主张通过“权利实现性”的“公民身份”来调和社会阶级间的不平等,试图将阶级间的经济差距缩小至合理范围内,来实现社会生活保障方面的平等性个人权利,这又与马克思平等观的宗旨相背离。因此马歇尔站在个人权利角度所追求的个人社会权利的现实平等,导致其无法摆脱理论的片面性和实践的局限性。可以看到,马克思平等观的理论价值在于其普遍性、现实性、历史性和人类性,而马歇尔的公民身份理论并没有超出马克思的理论视域。我国现阶段正处于社会全面深化改革的关键期,我们既要吸收马歇尔公民身份理论中的合理性因素,在实现中促进我国平等的现实发展,更要坚持马克思平等观思想的基本原则和根本立场。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the twentieth century, with the development of the political and economic structure of capitalist society, T. H. Marshall Humphrey Humphrey Marshall's citizenship theory has exerted great influence on the western contemporary equality theory. Marshall pioneered the basic framework of the study of civil status power structure and put forward the idea of constructing a complex social welfare state. He tried to use the principle of equality of citizenship to weaken the basis of social class inequality, to realize the equality of individual rights as the goal of social equality, and to pursue the individual equality of rights. Because his theory of citizenship contains the theoretical construction of eliminating class inequality and the realistic direction of pursuing realistic equality, it provides a more important theoretical reference for Marx's "appearance" in the field of equality. Starting from the realistic dimension of human liberation Marx pursued the ultimate equality of everyone in the communist union and put the realization of individual equality in the historical process of the overall development of society. In the field of equality provided by Marx, the social productive forces are the objective strength and material foundation to promote the realization of equality, and the means and means to realize equality are to reform the relations of production based on private ownership and to eliminate class antagonism. The communist union is a social model of equal realization, and the full and free development of everyone is the ultimate goal of equal realization. Based on Marx's view of equality, we find that Marshall systematically analyzed the inner relationship between class and equality by using citizenship theory, and judged the formation of social class from "economic order". The author holds that economic inequality among social classes is the main cause of inequality in capitalist society, and criticizes the capitalist system in reality, which makes Marx's equal thought combine with the change of the times to a certain extent. However, Marshall advocated reconciling the inequality among social classes through the "citizenship" of "right realization", trying to narrow the economic gap between classes to a reasonable range, so as to realize the equality of individual rights in social life security. This, in turn, deviates from the tenet of Marx's view of equality. Therefore, Marshall's pursuit of the equality of individual social rights from the angle of individual rights leads to his inability to get rid of the one-sidedness of theory and the limitation of practice. It can be seen that the theoretical value of Marx's theory of equality lies in its universality, reality, history and human nature, while Marshall's citizenship theory is not beyond Marx's theoretical horizon. At the present stage, our country is in the critical period of all-round deepening of social reform. We should absorb the reasonable factors in Marshall's citizenship theory and promote the development of equality in our country. We should adhere to the basic principles and fundamental stand of Marx's concept of equality.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B712.59

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