尼采对“名相”的解析

发布时间：2018-05-16 23:16

本文选题：因果关系 + 权力意志　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：尼采所处的欧洲近现代时期正是人文理性精神觉醒、自然科学发展迅速之时,以往的价值观念、传统宗教信仰不仅成为时代反思的对象,而且还面临着破除和消解的危机。传统形而上学的瓦解和欧洲社会的宗教信仰危机使得欧洲呈现出一切无价值、无意义的时代“虚无主义”景象。尼采在探讨“虚无主义”产生的根源问题时,将研究视角放在了人自身上。他通过对人在认识世界、解释世界的过程中所使用的理性思考、思维逻辑、语言模式等工具的分析,发现形而上学和宗教信仰的产生根源深刻地内涵在人对世界的观待方式上。对思维和语言模式的信仰必然会引导出对形而上学之本体性存在和宗教之彼岸世界的信仰。因此,问题不是出在“形而上本体”或者“上帝”身上,而是出在创造它们的人自身上面;不是本体或上帝创造了我们,而恰恰相反是我们人创造了他们。这种创造活动本身实际上就是人类对自我和世界建立的各种“名相”和“色相”的解释,“色相解释”建构了为我们感知到的现实物质世界,“名相解释”则建构了我们人类语言系统和思维逻辑的抽象理论,这种“物质和思维同出于人的解释”的观念也解释了为什么我们可以通过抽象的逻辑思维把握物质世界的规律,现实的物质和抽象的思维在“人”身上达到了同一。因此,无论是以往阶段对彼岸世界或者超越精神的信仰还是近现代对自然世界的探索和对物质生活的追求,都是人意识之执取,只是执取对象有“名色之分”。尼采的哲学工作主要是对“名相”的解析,这一工作不仅为其提出“权力意志”的世界本质理念提供了理论基础,更为人作为生存主体如何把握世界的本然扫清了固有的思维障碍,同时也为其之后的现象学发展提供了理论支撑。因此,挖掘尼采“名相”解析思想不仅对于理解尼采整体哲学思想十分必要,而且对于理解现象学的理论动机、探索方法上都具有奠基性作用。同时,尼采的工作也间接地帮我们打开了就此问题本身来审视东方思想尤其是佛教里对此观点的视角,为我们从多角度考察认知问题提供了指引。
[Abstract]:Nietzsche is in the modern European period is the awakening of humanistic rational spirit, natural science developed rapidly, the value of the past, traditional religious beliefs not only become the object of reflection, but also face the crisis of breaking down and dispelling. With the disintegration of traditional metaphysics and the crisis of religious belief in European society, all kinds of nihilism appeared in Europe. Nietzsche put his research perspective on human being when he discussed the root causes of nihilism. Through the analysis of the tools of rational thinking, thinking logic and language model used by people in the process of understanding and explaining the world, he found that the origin of metaphysics and religious belief lies in the way people treat the world. The belief in the mode of thought and language will inevitably lead to the belief in the metaphysical existence of the ontology and the other world of religion. The problem, therefore, is not in the metaphysical ontology or God, but in the person who created them; it is not the ontology or God that created us, but on the contrary we the people who created them. This kind of creative activity itself is in fact the interpretation of the various "famous forms" and "hue" created by human beings and the world, which constructs the real physical world that we perceive for ourselves. "the explanation of names" constructs the abstract theory of our human language system and thinking logic. This concept of "matter and thinking out of human interpretation" also explains why we can grasp the laws of the material world through abstract logical thinking. Therefore, whether it is the belief of the other world or transcending spirit in the past period or the exploration of the natural world and the pursuit of material life in the modern times, it is the pursuit of human consciousness, only that there is a "distinction of name and color" in the object of taking possession. Nietzsche's philosophical work is mainly an analysis of the "famous phase", which not only provides a theoretical basis for his idea of the world essence of "will of power". As the main body of existence, how to grasp the world clears the inherent obstacles of thinking, and provides theoretical support for the development of phenomenology. Therefore, it is necessary not only to understand Nietzsche's overall philosophy, but also to understand the theoretical motivation of phenomenology and to explore the method. At the same time, Nietzsche's work has indirectly opened up the perspective of the oriental thought, especially in Buddhism, to examine this issue itself, which provides us with guidance to study the cognitive problem from various angles.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.47

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