实践解释学视域下的马克思历史主体观

发布时间：2018-05-19 11:55

本文选题：历史主体 + 实践　；参考：《辽宁大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在德国的古典哲学中,主体问题始终贯穿其思想的发展中。马克思通过对黑格尔和费尔巴哈的批判,确立了现实的、感性的、实践的历史主体观,把实践过程中的主、客体关系凸显出来,但国内部分马克思主义研究者对历史主体问题的理解,还受18世纪法国机械唯物主义的影响,停留在主客关系的单一视角上,导致“历史主义”的研究方法大行其道,即只讲单一的主客体对立却忽视了主体性,导致历史的主体性与历史规律性、历史主体的创造性与受动性的矛盾,另外,在历史主体性问题上还出现了单一主体性的理解模式。自伽达默尔使解释学走向实践,以实践解释学的方式来理解马克思,带动了理解和解释马克思理论的新思潮。实践解释学的核心特征是包含实践和历史两个维度,这两个维度为作为回归马克思历史主体观的基本出发点。在实践性和历史性作为基本前提下,以伽达默尔的“效果历史”理论看待马克思历史主体观的演变,在视域融合中破解苏联式教科书哲学中“见物不见人”的理解矛盾；用包含“主—客”和“主—主”双重关系的“对话”理论突破了单一主体性的理解。这种以实践解释学为中介回归马克思本人的主体观,也是向马克思哲学的回归。
[Abstract]:In the classical philosophy of Germany, the subject question always runs through the development of his thought. By criticizing Hegel and Feuerbach, Marx established a realistic, perceptual and practical historical subjective view, highlighting the relationship between subject and object in the process of practice. However, the understanding of historical subjects by some domestic Marxist researchers is still influenced by the French mechanical materialism in the 18th century, and they remain in a single angle of view of subject-object relationship, which leads to the great popularity of "historicism" research methods. That is to say, the single opposition between subject and object neglects subjectivity, which leads to the contradiction between historical subjectivity and historical regularity, and the contradiction between historical subject's creativity and movability. In addition, there is a single subjective understanding mode on the subject of history. Since Gadamer led hermeneutics to practice and understood Marx in the way of practical hermeneutics, it has led to a new trend of thought in understanding and interpreting Marx's theory. The core feature of practice hermeneutics is that it contains two dimensions of practice and history, which are the basic starting point of returning Marx's historical subjectivity. Under the basic premise of practicality and historicity, the evolution of Marx's historical subjective view is treated with Gadamer's theory of "effect history", and the understanding contradiction of "seeing things without seeing people" in the Soviet textbook philosophy is solved in the fusion of vision. The theory of "dialogue", which includes the relation of "main-guest" and "lord-lord", breaks through the understanding of single subjectivity. The return of Marx's subjective view to practical hermeneutics is also a return to Marxist philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B038

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