亚里士多德对立统一思想及其相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 04:18

本文选题：亚里士多德 + 辩证法　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：亚里士多德哲学中蕴涵着丰富的对立统一思想,值得学界对此深入研究。亚里士多德依据对立的激烈程度将对立区分为"相关者"对立、"相反者"对立、"具有和缺失者"对立以及"肯定和否定"对立四种基本形式。亚氏认为,这四种对立之间不存在彼此转化问题,但在"相反者"对立和"具有与缺失者"对立自身中,分别存在着双向转化和单向转化的可能。亚氏根据对立双方的主体、转化和依存情况区分前三种对立,并依据考察对象的不同区分了前三种对立与第四种对立。亚氏认为,"肯定和否定"对立就是逻辑上的矛盾,它只存在于判断之中。黑格尔曾对亚氏的矛盾律进行过激烈批判,这是由于黑格尔没有分清亚氏矛盾观与其自身矛盾观所致。黑格尔对于亚氏辩证思想的继承主要体现在亚氏目的论中逻各斯与努斯精神的合一上。亚氏虽未明确提出"对立统一"这一组合范畴,但对"对立"和"统一"思想都进行了较为详尽的分析和阐述。亚氏出于回应柏拉图哲学、架构自身哲学以及创立形式逻辑的需要才没有将"统一"范畴作为重点来研究。亚氏通过研究希腊语法,从讨论一般与个别关系中衍生出他的实体论,并且将对立统一思想运用到各个领域的研究中。亚氏搜集广泛的经验素材,进行深入的逻辑分析,使得他的对立统一思想拥有超出前人的丰富性和深刻性。
[Abstract]:Aristotle's philosophy contains abundant thought of unity of opposites, which is worthy of further study. Aristotle divided the opposition into four basic forms according to the intensity of the opposition: "relative", "opposite", "with and without" and "positive and negative". According to Aristotle, there is no transformation problem between the four kinds of opposites, but in the opposites of "opposite" and "with and without", there is the possibility of bidirectional transformation and one-way transformation, respectively. According to the subject of the opposite two sides, the author distinguishes the former three opposites from the other according to the different objects of investigation, and distinguishes the first three opposites from the fourth opposites according to the situation of transformation and dependence. According to Aristotle, the opposition between positive and negative is a logical contradiction, which exists only in judgment. Hegel criticized Archer's law of contradiction intensely because Hegel did not distinguish his contradiction view from his own. Hegel's inheritance of Aristotle's dialectical thought is mainly embodied in the unity of logos and Nuss' spirit in Asiatic teleology. Although Aristotle did not clearly put forward the category of "unity of opposites", he made a detailed analysis and elaboration of the thought of "opposites" and "unity". In order to respond to Plato's philosophy, to construct his own philosophy and to create formal logic, Aristotle did not focus on the category of unity. By studying Greek grammar, he derived his entity theory from the discussion of general and individual relations, and applied the idea of unity of opposites to the study of various fields. Aristotle collects a wide range of empirical materials and carries on in-depth logical analysis, which makes his thought of unity of opposites more abundant and profound than his predecessors.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.233

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