马尔库塞科学技术批判理论研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 22:39

本文选题：马尔库塞 + 单向度　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 马尔库塞结合当时的社会、文化、政治和时代背景,汲取了霍克海默、阿道尔诺、韦伯、马克思、弗洛伊德和海德格尔等人的理论思想,提出他的科学技术批判理论。他的科学技术批判理论可以分为单向度理论、新技术与新社会理论和爱欲的解放三个部分,它们在逻辑上是一致的,其理论基础是技术的自主性。生活在当代资本主义中的人失去了否定性和批判性原则,从而整个社会都表现出单向度性,具体表现为社会的单向度、人的单向度、政治的单向度和思想文化的单向度。为此,他提出要建立一个使人的本能完全解放的新社会,以及一种使技术和谐化的新技术;通过爱欲的解放实现人的本质的全面解放。马尔库塞认为科学技术在执行一种意识形态的职能,把技术主义作为批判的中心,区分了人的真实需要和虚假需要等是其理论的合理成份。他的理论局限性表现在他的技术自主论的理论基础是违背唯物史观的,对人的理解是抽象的,忽视了人的社会性仅从生物学意义上揭示人的本质,对科学技术的批判也是本末倒置的等。其理论不仅对后来的法兰克福学派而且对生态学马克思主义的创立产生了重要的影响。马尔库塞科学技术批判理论的现实意义具体表现在教育学术、生态学和伦理学等方面,其理论对我国技术、社会、文化的发展具有指导意义,为我国现代化建设提供了一定的启示。
[Abstract]:Marcuse combined the social, cultural, political and contemporary background of the time, absorbed the theoretical thoughts of Horkheimer, Adorno, Weber, Marx, Freud and Heidegger, and put forward his critical theory of science and technology. His critical theory of science and technology can be divided into three parts: unidirectional theory, new technology and new social theory and liberation of lust. They are logically consistent, and their theoretical basis is the autonomy of technology. The people living in the contemporary capitalism have lost the negative and critical principles, thus the whole society shows the unidirectional degree, which is embodied in the unidirectional degree of society, the unidirectional degree of human, the unidirectional degree of politics and the unidirectional degree of ideology and culture. Therefore, he proposed to establish a new society which can completely liberate human instinct and a new technology to make technology harmonious, and to realize the full emancipation of human nature through the liberation of love desire. Marcuse holds that science and technology are performing an ideological function, regard technicalism as the center of criticism, and distinguish between the real and false needs of human beings are the reasonable components of his theory. His theoretical limitations are manifested in the fact that the theoretical basis of his theory of technological autonomy is contrary to historical materialism, his understanding of human beings is abstract, and his social nature is revealed only in the biological sense. The criticism of science and technology is also put before the horse and so on. Its theory not only had an important influence on the later Frankfurt School but also on the establishment of ecological Marxism. The practical significance of Marcuse's critical theory of science and technology is embodied in the fields of educational learning, ecology and ethics, and its theory is of guiding significance to the development of technology, society and culture in China. It provides some enlightenment for the modernization construction of our country.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：N031

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