A.施密特的自然观及其评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 01:39

本文选题：A.施密特 + 自然观　；参考：《聊城大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：法兰克福学派的第二代代表人物阿尔弗雷德·施密特,在西方马克思主义的历史上第一次以“马克思的自然观”为专门研究对象进行了著书立说,他的研究与所处的时代背景有着密切的联系,既是对法兰克福学派社会批判理论的继承和发展,也有所突破和创新。施密特通过阐述“马克思的自然概念”而得出自己独特的自然观理论,其观点集中体现在代表作《马克思的自然概念》一书中,施密特的论述沿袭了法兰克福学派批判的理论传统,立足于马克思的经济学研究成果,独辟蹊径的以“自然”为切入点,阐述了马克思唯物主义的特色和本质。施密特的自然观主要包括四个方面的内容,一是论证马克思唯物主义“非本体论的”性质,批判恩格斯“世界统一于物质”的本体论命题和自然辩证法理论;二是通过对自然和商品的分析,提出了“自然与社会双向中介”的理论,批评卢卡奇的“社会关系本体论”;三是阐述马克思主义哲学的认识论,充分肯定实践对认识的重要意义;四是对“人与自然的关系”进行了讨论,断言马克思关于人与自然关系的理论是一种乌托邦。施密特对马克思自然观的理解在学术界存在颇多争议。他以马克思的中后期著作为重点,坚持唯物主义的立场,坚持自然界的优先地位,强调实践的重要作用,为人们深刻认识马克思的自然观提供了新的视野。然而,施密特对马克思的理解也存在偏差和误读,他的部分论述并非首尾一致,一些观点和结论也值得商榷。马克思的自然理论蕴含着丰富的生态思想,施密特的解读也包含着对人与自然关系的深度思考,并且直接影响了当代生态马克思主义的发展,这在一定程度上契合了当今社会时代发展的现实需要,对于我们具有现实的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Alfred Schmidt, the second generation representative of the Frankfurt School of thought, for the first time in the history of Western Marxism, devoted his book to Marx's view of nature. His research is closely related to the background of his time. It is not only the inheritance and development of Frankfurt school's critical theory of society, but also the breakthrough and innovation. By expounding Marx's concept of Nature, Schmidt came up with his own unique view of nature, which is embodied in his masterpiece, Marx's concept of Nature. Schmitt's discussion follows the theoretical tradition of Frankfurt School's criticism, based on Marx's economic research results, takes "nature" as the breakthrough point, and expounds the characteristics and essence of Marxist materialism. Schmidt's view of nature mainly includes four aspects: the first is to demonstrate the nature of Marxist materialism "non-ontology", to criticize Engels's ontology proposition of "the world unified in matter" and the theory of dialectics of nature; Second, through the analysis of nature and commodities, the author puts forward the theory of "the two-way intermediary between nature and society", criticizes Lukacs's "social relationship ontology", and expounds the epistemology of Marxist philosophy. The fourth is to discuss the relationship between man and nature, and to assert that Marx's theory on the relationship between man and nature is a kind of utopia. Schmidt's understanding of Marx's view of nature is controversial in academic circles. He focused on Marx's works in the middle and later periods, adhered to the materialist position, insisted on the priority of nature and emphasized the important role of practice, which provided a new vision for people to deeply understand Marx's view of nature. However, Schmitt's understanding of Marx is also biased and misread. Some of his arguments are not consistent, and some viewpoints and conclusions are open to question. Marx's theory of nature contains rich ecological thoughts, Schmidt's interpretation also contains a deep reflection on the relationship between man and nature, and directly affects the development of contemporary ecological Marxism. To a certain extent, it meets the practical needs of the development of modern society, and has practical significance for us.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B089.1

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