叔本华悲观主义人生哲学研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 20:40

本文选题：叔本华 + 意志　；参考：《长安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：阿图尔·叔本华作为西方唯意志哲学的奠基人,在西方哲学史中具有重要的地位。叔本华以其非理性的哲学体系动摇了西方理性主义大厦的根基,成为近代西方人本主义的哲学思潮的重要推动者之一。叔本华哲学理论的核心旨在其悲观主义的人生哲学,即将痛苦看作是人生的所有问题,人生即是一场悲剧。他从人自身出发,创造以意志和表象为基础的唯意志论哲学体系,进而推导出人生本质即是痛苦和无聊,即由意志生成人生痛苦的悲观定论。只有通过否定意志,才能使人从痛苦人生中得到解脱。叔本华这一关注人生痛苦的哲学家,将悲观主义发挥到了极致。其思想本质上是一种主观唯心主义,对其思想的消极倾向应本着一种科学的扬弃,但纵观叔本华悲观主义人生哲学,其中所蕴含的积极价值,即反省人类自身和强调人获得幸福的内因作用,对当今人类解决现代性的困惑仍然具有积极的意蕴。伴随着西方人本主义思潮进入中国,叔本华的悲观主义人生哲学在当代中国青年群体中悄然流行,叔本华的人生哲学的理念源自生活,部分青年群体对现实生活中悲观的理解进而在叔本华哲学中找到了共鸣,叔本华悲观主义的人生哲学给予这类青年以思想上的慰籍,从而影响了这类青年人生价值观的建构。因此,有必要从马克思主义的视角出发,对悲观主义的历史背景、基本逻辑和基本原则进行梳理和澄清,探索叔本华悲观主义人生哲学对当代中国青年所蕴含的现实意蕴和积极启示,从而引导当今社会上对生活有悲观失望情绪的青年,能够走出生活的泥潭,扬起明日的风帆。本文首先从探讨叔本华哲学的历史渊源入手,分析其哲学产生的时代背景和理论渊源,探求其悲观主义人生哲学得以产生的历史前提;其次,对叔本华悲观主义人生哲学的主要内容做出明确的阐述,即从唯意志本体论的理论解读、剖析其痛苦与人生之间的关系和详解痛苦人生的解决路径这三个维度入手,探寻悲观主义的理论内涵;再次,通过马克思主义思想对叔本华悲观主义思想进行评价并分析其所产生的历史影响,在肯定其所蕴含的积极性的同时,并对其自身的局限性进行科学的批判;最后,结合叔本华对当代中国青年群体中所产生的影响和后果,用辩证的观点深入剖析了悲剧人生中所蕴藏的积极意蕴,为当下中国青年群体现代性困惑的解决提供可靠的理论支撑及现实启示。
[Abstract]:Atul Schopenhauer, as the founder of Western philosophy of will, plays an important role in the history of western philosophy. Schopenhauer shakes the foundation of western rationalism with his irrational philosophy system and becomes one of the important promoters of modern western humanism. Schopenhauer's philosophy of life, which aims at pessimism, regards suffering as all the problems of life, and life is a tragedy. He created a philosophical system of volitional philosophy based on will and appearance, and then deduced that the essence of life is pain and boredom, that is, the pessimistic conclusion that the will generates the suffering of life. It is only by negating will that one can be liberated from a painful life. Schopenhauer, a philosopher concerned with the pain of life, brought pessimism to its extreme. Its thought is essentially a kind of subjective idealism, the negative tendency to its thought should be based on a kind of scientific sublation, but throughout Schopenhauer's pessimism philosophy of life, the positive value contained therein, That is to say, introspection of human being and emphasizing the internal cause of human happiness still have positive meaning to solve the puzzles of modernity. With the trend of western humanism entering into China, Schopenhauer's pessimism philosophy of life is quietly popular among the contemporary Chinese youth group, and Schopenhauer's philosophy of life comes from life. Some of the young people's pessimistic understanding of real life has found resonance in Schopenhauer's philosophy. Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy of life gives such young people ideological comfort, thus affecting the construction of such young people's life values. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out and clarify the historical background, basic logic and basic principles of pessimism from the perspective of Marxism. This paper explores the realistic implication and positive enlightenment of Schopenhauer's pessimism life philosophy to contemporary Chinese youth, so as to guide the young people who are pessimistic and disappointed in life in today's society, to get out of the quagmire of life and to raise the sail of tomorrow. This paper begins with the historical origin of Schopenhauer's philosophy, analyzes the historical background and theoretical origin of Schopenhauer's philosophy, and explores the historical premise of Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy of life. The main content of Schopenhauer's pessimism philosophy of life is clearly expounded, that is, from the theoretical interpretation of the ontological theory of will, the relationship between his suffering and life and the three dimensions of solving the painful life in detail are analyzed. Explore the theoretical connotation of pessimism; thirdly, evaluate Schopenhauer's pessimism through Marxist thought and analyze its historical influence, while affirming its enthusiasm, Finally, combined with Schopenhauer's influence and consequence on contemporary Chinese youth group, the author deeply analyzes the positive implication of tragic life from the dialectical point of view. To provide reliable theoretical support and practical enlightenment for the solution of the modernity puzzles of Chinese youth groups.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.41

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