胡塞尔交互主体现象学中的躯体化问题

发布时间：2018-07-11 21:34

本文选题：他人 + 陌生经验　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：胡塞尔认为生活世界是一个交互主体性的经验领域,作为世界之中的我会不断的遇到交互主体性意义,一切文化、体制等社会产物都是发端于共同体和长久流传下来的传统。胡塞尔坚信只有借助于交互主体性才能正确把握对实在的理解,并且现象学的发展路径也必然需要从自我现象学进步到先验的-社会现象学。因尔,我们对先验还原的操作就必然会导致先验交互主体性的呈现。交互主体性意味着我与他人的关系,其中关于他人问题的研究目前主要集中在他人的认识论问题,即我作为一个经验的主体何以能认识另一个主体的"心灵"。对此,现今的解决方案有经典的理论理论(Theory-theory)、模仿理论(Simulation-theory)以及受胡塞尔、舍勒、梅洛-庞蒂等人影响而形成的直接感知理论(Direct-perception-theory)。这三种理论的分歧在于:一、我是否可以通达他心,他心是否可以通过他人的身体行为原初的表达出来;二、我们对他人的认识是基于直接的感知还是基于素朴的心理学的推导。从胡塞尔现象学的视角分析,我们可以说,他人身体是一个表达统一体,他人的意愿、倾向都直接地通过其身体行为表达出来,直接地被感知到。有鉴于此,在解决他人的认识论之前,亟待解决的另一个问题就是如何将他人的躯体理解为一个身体。胡塞尔认为这是因为他人躯体与我身体的相似性引发了结对联想,由此他人对我不可见的心灵就被共现了出来。问题是我又是如何完全的物理化我的身体的呢?在本篇论文中,我将对这些问题进行澄清。
[Abstract]:Husserl believes that the world of life is an empirical field of cross-subjectivity. As a world, I will constantly encounter the meaning of cross-subjectivity. All social products, such as culture and system, are originated from the community and have been handed down for a long time. Husserl firmly believes that only with the help of mutual subjectivity can the understanding of reality be correctly grasped, and the development path of phenomenology is bound to move from self-phenomenology to transcendental phenomenology. As a result, our operation of transcendental reduction will inevitably lead to the appearance of transcendental intersubjectivity. Intersubjectivity means the relationship between me and others, in which the research on other people's problems is mainly focused on epistemological problems of others, that is, how can I, as the subject of one experience, know the "mind" of another subject. Nowadays, the solutions include the classical theory, the Simulation-theory and the direct perception-theory influenced by Husserl, Scheler, Melo-Ponty and so on. The differences among these three theories are: first, can I reach his heart, and whether his heart can be expressed in the first place through the physical behavior of others; second, Is our understanding of others based on direct perception or on the derivation of simple psychology. From the perspective of Husserl's phenomenology, we can say that the body of others is a unity of expression. In view of this, before solving the epistemology of others, another problem that needs to be solved is how to understand the body of others as a body. Husserl thinks this is because the resemblance of other people's bodies to my body gives rise to twinning associations in which other people's invisible hearts are co-existing. The question is, how did I physically my body? In this paper, I will clarify these issues.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B516.52

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