康德对英法启蒙理性与“德意志气派”的扬弃
发布时间：2018-07-21 16:20
【摘要】：17至18世纪是西方的启蒙时代,如何处理信仰与理性的关系是当时面临的最基本的问题。一方面人类理性被英法启蒙思想家视为衡量一切的工具,并推崇到极致,沉重打击了中世纪天主教会的封建迷信,也使得这种缺乏批判与反思的理性逐渐演变成一种思想上的独断,成了英法启蒙思想家教化民众的武器。信仰的领域由此不断缩小,最终在法国启蒙思想界出现了完全排斥信仰的无神论。另一方面与英法启蒙思想界盛行的理性独断局面不同,17至18世纪的德国则陷入了一种被称作德意志气派的信仰迷狂,他们往往排斥理性甚至否定理性,企图在与上帝的神秘体验中消解信仰与理性的矛盾。康德通过对理性进行分类和自我批判,规避了英法启蒙思想中理性的独断和德国思想界对信仰的迷狂,在自由的基础上实现了信仰与理性的和谐。
[Abstract]:The 17 ~ (th) ~ (18 th) century was the enlightenment period in the West, and how to deal with the relationship between belief and reason was the most basic problem. On the one hand, human rationality was regarded as a tool to measure everything by the thinkers of the Enlightenment of England and France, and it was respected to the extreme, which dealt a heavy blow to the feudal superstition of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. This lack of criticism and reflection gradually evolved into a kind of ideological arbitrariness and became the weapon of enlightening thinkers of England and France to educate the people. As a result, the field of faith shrank, and finally atheism, which completely rejected faith, emerged in the French enlightenment circle. On the other hand, unlike the rational arbitrariness prevailing in the Anglo-French enlightening thinkers, Germany in the 17th to 18th centuries fell into a kind of religious fanaticism called German style, which often rejected reason or even denied reason. Attempts to resolve the contradiction between faith and reason in the mysterious experience with God. By classifying and criticizing reason, Kant evaded the arbitrariness of reason in the Enlightenment thought of England and France and the fanaticism of belief in German ideological circles, and realized the harmony between belief and reason on the basis of freedom.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学哲学院;
【分类号】：B516.31
，
本文编号：2136091
[Abstract]:The 17 ~ (th) ~ (18 th) century was the enlightenment period in the West, and how to deal with the relationship between belief and reason was the most basic problem. On the one hand, human rationality was regarded as a tool to measure everything by the thinkers of the Enlightenment of England and France, and it was respected to the extreme, which dealt a heavy blow to the feudal superstition of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. This lack of criticism and reflection gradually evolved into a kind of ideological arbitrariness and became the weapon of enlightening thinkers of England and France to educate the people. As a result, the field of faith shrank, and finally atheism, which completely rejected faith, emerged in the French enlightenment circle. On the other hand, unlike the rational arbitrariness prevailing in the Anglo-French enlightening thinkers, Germany in the 17th to 18th centuries fell into a kind of religious fanaticism called German style, which often rejected reason or even denied reason. Attempts to resolve the contradiction between faith and reason in the mysterious experience with God. By classifying and criticizing reason, Kant evaded the arbitrariness of reason in the Enlightenment thought of England and France and the fanaticism of belief in German ideological circles, and realized the harmony between belief and reason on the basis of freedom.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学哲学院;
【分类号】：B516.31
，
本文编号：2136091
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/zhexuezongjiaolunwen/2136091.html
