《理想国》与《乌托邦》中公民教化的差异性研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 11:11
【摘要】：公民教化是《理想国》与《乌托邦》中涉及的重要问题。“教化”这一核心概念包含了“教”与“化”两个方面(理想国的建构偏向于前者,乌托邦的形成有赖于后者),但以往学界并未对这两方面给予辨析。因而,立足于“教”、“化”差异性的分析研究,不仅有利于全面把握柏拉图与莫尔的政治哲学思想,更能深刻说明《理想国》所代表的王主政治注重构建上层的建筑而《乌托邦》所代表的人文主义更多是对全体公民的关注。对公民教化差异性的具体展开,应从以下三方面入手:就教化对象而言,《理想国》中的教化只针对国家精英,即哲学王和护卫者,这与其“各司其职”的正义原则相吻合。与《理想国》相反,《乌托邦》的教化针对全体公民,这与其“公有制"的治国理念相契合。就教化目的而言,《理想国》中教化的目的是为了筛选哲学王。柏拉图认为只有哲学家成为国家的王,或者统治者能严肃认真地追求智慧,使政治权利和聪明才智合二为一,才能形成正义和善的国家。因此,《理想国》的教化是柏拉图哲学的治国手段。《乌托邦》中教化的目的是为了培育国家各行各业的从业者,莫尔重视劳动教育,重视国家公民的生活状态。因此,公民的幸福是乌托邦追求的终极目标。就教化内容而言,教化包含教育和化育两个方面。《理想国》侧重教育,而《乌托邦》相对侧重化育。柏拉图规定的教育内容包括诗歌、音乐、数学几何和哲学,同时也规定了教育的步骤。《乌托邦》中不仅涉及教育,包括劳动教育、道德教育和知识教育,而且更加重视的是化育,德性化育是《乌托邦》中教化的主题,体现在公民生活的方方面面。对比研究两部哲学著作中公民教化的差异性,一方面,对两部著作中的教化有了清晰的认识,尤其是对《理想国》中的教化有了清晰的界定;另一方面,透过公民教化的差异性,可以看出在不同历史时期哲学家对理想政体构建的具体要求不同,在理想政体中实行的教化内容就是其哲学思想的具体体现。同时,也说明了教化是维系理想政治发展的重要条件。
[Abstract]:Civic education is an important issue in utopia and utopia. The core concept of "enlightenment" includes "religion" and "transformation" (the construction of the utopia is biased towards the former and the formation of utopia depends on the latter), but the academic circles did not distinguish these two aspects in the past. Therefore, the analysis and study of the differences based on "teaching" and "transformation" is not only conducive to grasping Plato's and Moore's political philosophy in an all-round way. It is more profound to explain that the politics of the King's Lord on behalf of the Republic pays more attention to the construction of the upper buildings, and the humanism represented by the Utopia is more concerned with the citizens as a whole. The concrete development of the difference of civic education should be started from the following three aspects: as far as the object of education is concerned, the enlightenment in "the Republic" only aims at the national elite, that is, the philosophy king and the guardian, which is in line with their just principle of "doing their respective duties". Contrary to the utopia, Utopia aims at all citizens, which coincides with its concept of "public ownership". As far as the purpose of enlightenment is concerned, the purpose of enlightenment in the Republic is to screen out philosophical kings. Plato believed that only when philosophers became the king of the country or the rulers could seriously pursue wisdom and combine political rights with wisdom could a just and good state be formed. Therefore, the enlightenment of the Republic is Plato's philosophical means of governing the country. The purpose of the enlightenment in Utopia is to cultivate the practitioners of various industries of the country, and Moore attaches importance to the labor education and the living conditions of the citizens of the country. Therefore, the citizen's happiness is the ultimate goal pursued by Utopia. As far as the content of education is concerned, it consists of two aspects: education and chemical education. The utopia focuses on education, while Utopia focuses on it. Plato's educational contents include poetry, music, mathematics, geometry and philosophy, and they also specify the steps of education. Utopia deals not only with education, but also with labour, morality and knowledge. Moreover, more attention is paid to the cultivation of morality, which is the theme of education in Utopia, which is embodied in all aspects of civil life. On the one hand, we have a clear understanding of the enlightenment in the two works, especially the enlightenment in the Republic; on the other hand, we have a clear definition of the enlightenment in the two philosophical works. Through the difference of civic education, we can see that philosophers have different demands on the construction of ideal polity in different historical periods, and the content of enlightenment in ideal regime is the concrete embodiment of their philosophical thought. At the same time, it also shows that enlightenment is an important condition to maintain the development of ideal politics.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.232
本文编号：2189288
[Abstract]:Civic education is an important issue in utopia and utopia. The core concept of "enlightenment" includes "religion" and "transformation" (the construction of the utopia is biased towards the former and the formation of utopia depends on the latter), but the academic circles did not distinguish these two aspects in the past. Therefore, the analysis and study of the differences based on "teaching" and "transformation" is not only conducive to grasping Plato's and Moore's political philosophy in an all-round way. It is more profound to explain that the politics of the King's Lord on behalf of the Republic pays more attention to the construction of the upper buildings, and the humanism represented by the Utopia is more concerned with the citizens as a whole. The concrete development of the difference of civic education should be started from the following three aspects: as far as the object of education is concerned, the enlightenment in "the Republic" only aims at the national elite, that is, the philosophy king and the guardian, which is in line with their just principle of "doing their respective duties". Contrary to the utopia, Utopia aims at all citizens, which coincides with its concept of "public ownership". As far as the purpose of enlightenment is concerned, the purpose of enlightenment in the Republic is to screen out philosophical kings. Plato believed that only when philosophers became the king of the country or the rulers could seriously pursue wisdom and combine political rights with wisdom could a just and good state be formed. Therefore, the enlightenment of the Republic is Plato's philosophical means of governing the country. The purpose of the enlightenment in Utopia is to cultivate the practitioners of various industries of the country, and Moore attaches importance to the labor education and the living conditions of the citizens of the country. Therefore, the citizen's happiness is the ultimate goal pursued by Utopia. As far as the content of education is concerned, it consists of two aspects: education and chemical education. The utopia focuses on education, while Utopia focuses on it. Plato's educational contents include poetry, music, mathematics, geometry and philosophy, and they also specify the steps of education. Utopia deals not only with education, but also with labour, morality and knowledge. Moreover, more attention is paid to the cultivation of morality, which is the theme of education in Utopia, which is embodied in all aspects of civil life. On the one hand, we have a clear understanding of the enlightenment in the two works, especially the enlightenment in the Republic; on the other hand, we have a clear definition of the enlightenment in the two philosophical works. Through the difference of civic education, we can see that philosophers have different demands on the construction of ideal polity in different historical periods, and the content of enlightenment in ideal regime is the concrete embodiment of their philosophical thought. At the same time, it also shows that enlightenment is an important condition to maintain the development of ideal politics.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B502.232
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