西方史学视野中的唯物史观

发布时间：2018-08-19 15:15

【摘要】：马克思主义的核心教义是:"历史受经济力量的无情制约,所有人类社会都将通过相同的阶段走向社会主义,目前绝大多数人正在经历资本主义发展阶段。不管人类事实上已经公开声称的动机为何,在任何时候,物质利己主义都是人类行为的主要动力。阶级代表了对其自身利益的集体表达,因此所有历史都不外乎是阶级斗争的历史。意识形态、艺术和文化不过是经济基础的反映,它们没有自身的历史动力。个人是他或她所处时代和所属阶级的产物,哪怕是天才和强者也无力左右历史进程;人民是历史的创造者,但即便如此,他们的行为依然有一套固定的模式。"与马克思同时及之后大约一百年来,上述每一个命题都曾得到过马克思主义者的赞同,这些命题又无一例外地是对马克思所真正言说的内容的粗略简化。经过几代人的研究和思考,马克思的理论被发展。与马克思主义的批评者所批评的相比,马克思主义为历史学家所提供的要多得多。
[Abstract]:The core tenet of Marxism is: "History is inexorably restricted by economic forces, and all human societies will go through the same stage to socialism. At present, the vast majority of people are going through the stage of capitalist development." Material egoism is the main driver of human behavior at all times, regardless of the motives that humans have in fact declared publicly. Class represents a collective expression of its own interests, so all history is nothing more than the history of class struggle. Ideology, art and culture are merely reflections of the economic base. They have no historical impetus of their own. The individual is the product of his or her time and the class to which he or she belongs, even if the genius and the strong cannot control the course of history; the people are the makers of history, but even then there is a fixed pattern of their behaviour. " At the same time as Marx and for about a hundred years, each of these propositions has been endorsed by Marxists, and these propositions are without exception a rough simplification of what Marx really said. After several generations of research and thinking, Marx's theory was developed. Marxism offers much more to historians than its critics.
【作者单位】：罗汉普顿大学;南开大学马克思主义学院;河南省漯河市委党校;同济大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：B03;K091

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