荀子两心论辨正

发布时间：2018-09-04 09:34

【摘要】：在荀子那里,很容易分别出“好利心”“辨知心”“知道心”这“三心”。人们一般把好利心“下讲”,当作需要对治的动物性而归并入辨知心,由此引发荀子之心究竟是辨知心还是道德的心的争论。但如果着眼于“称情而立文”的过程,把辨知心隐没入好利心,突出好利心与知道心这“两心”,强调从好利心这一基础“上讲”出知道心,仍然是可能的。首先,“身尽其故则美”,荀子的心是两头通的,既是“天官”也是“天君”,天官、天君都是人的情实,共同构成了人的生存论基础。其次,“心未尝不两也,然而有所谓壹”,由天官“自下而上”地贞定天君,从人心生长出道心,荀子谓之曰“危微之几”,它逼显出“心的生成史”:知道心不过是人类在漫长的社会化过程中因好利心而兼权孰计,渐渐积伪浸润并最终凝聚内化了的一种“文化存在”(君子圣王)而已。最后,“能定能应,夫是之谓成人”,在“时间”的开启(“学为圣人”)和闭合(“眸而见之”)中,荀子让个体性的化性起伪(个人人格的完善)与政治性的圣王教化(整个社会的太平有序)共同到时了。荀子论证并推进了孔子“先富后教”“为政以德”的政治哲学,值得充分肯定。
[Abstract]:In Xunzi, it is easy to distinguish "good interest" and "discernment" and "know heart". People generally regard the good heart as the animal nature that needs to be treated, which leads to the debate about whether Xunzi's heart is the one of understanding or morality. However, it is still possible to focus on the process of "saying feeling and setting up a text", to obscure the heart of discernment into good interest, to highlight the "two hearts" of good interest and knowing heart, and to emphasize that it is still possible to say "know heart from the basis of good interest". First of all, Xunzi's heart is open to both sides, which is not only the "heavenly official" but also the "heavenly monarch", and both of them constitute the basis of man's existential theory. Secondly, "the heart is not different, but there is a so-called one," from the "bottom-up" from the heaven to determine the emperor, from the heart of the growth of the Tao heart, Xunzi called it "the few of danger." It shows "the history of mind": knowing that mind is only a kind of "cultural existence" (the Holy King of the Superior Man) in the long process of socialization. Finally, in the opening of "time" ("learning as a saint") and in closing ("seeing in the eyes"), Xunzi made the change of individuality (the perfection of personal personality) and political Saint Wang Jiaohua (the peace and order of the whole society) come together. Xunzi demonstrated and promoted Confucius' political philosophy of "teaching before the rich" and "taking virtue as the government", which is worthy of full recognition.
【作者单位】：华东理工大学哲学研究所;
【分类号】：B222.6

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