民国科学易的形成、构成与影响

发布时间：2018-09-05 06:47

【摘要】：科学易是易学的一个分支,其内容包括对科学技术及易学进行跨学科跨领域的研究而得到的研究方法与成果的整体。科学易诞生于民国,自上世纪八十年代第三次"周易热"开始受到广泛的注意。无论是易学研究者中还是科学研究者中对其评价都是争议颇多。本文首先论述并分析了科学易的形成机制。民国时期的中国对一种源自中国本土,又能容纳自然科学及科学技术带来的变革的思想有需求。这是中国由于时代而产生的需求。这种需求使科学易的出现具有了必然性。易学研究纵向贯穿中国历史,横向影响古代中国社会的各个领域。在易学形成和阐发的过程中伴随着对经验事实的描述,可究其内容的成立其实并不依赖经验事实,这是易学的一种特殊性质。这使得易学思想包容国人前所未见的种种科学理论成为了可能。在这样的条件下,杭辛斋等学者采用了单向移植、双科交融合多元综合等方法以易学语言对近现代科学成果进行重述,形成了民国时期的科学易。其次论述并分析了科学易的构成。民国时期科学易研究者人数并不多,有完整著作的有杭辛斋、沈仲涛、丁超五、薛学潜以及刘子华等人。时间上贯穿了民国始末。内容上易学思想部分主要继承自前人,科学观则从杭辛斋开始由不成熟逐渐发展到成熟。再次论述并分析了民国时期科学易对当时和后世的影响。与过往研究不同,本文对民国科学易的研究动机虽抱以理解之同情,但依据实事求是的原则对科学易在民国时期的影响并不做过于乐观的评价。在民国,科学易没有形成广泛的影响,因此科学易的研究者并没有使自然科学更接近公众。且大众对科学易毫无兴趣,甚至大众接触易学比接触自然科学还要困难。表面上看,科学易促进了易学与时代的结合,但事实上并非如此。这点在第四章有详细论述。杭辛斋等人对古代易学的批判仅限于对结果的批判。他们认为是经学家不能正确解读易学导致了中国科学技术落后且国家贫弱。他们并没有对过往易学思想中不适于继续变化的中国的内容做出有效的批判。也就不足以推动易学朝着被世人所需要的方向发展。最后,本文就民国科学易的形成、构成和影响对科学与易学间的联系做出反思,并尝试提出一个需要进行科学易研究的需求。
[Abstract]:Science Yi is a branch of Yi study, which includes the whole research methods and achievements of interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research on science and technology and Yi study. Science Yi was born in the Republic of China and has been widely paid attention since the third Zhouyi fever in 1980's. There are many controversies about the evaluation of Yi-Xue researchers and science researchers. This paper first discusses and analyzes the formation mechanism of science change. In the period of the Republic of China, there was a demand for an idea that originated from China and could accommodate the changes brought about by natural science and technology. This is the demand of China due to the times. This demand makes the emergence of scientific ease inevitable. The study of the Book of changes runs longitudinally through Chinese history and influences all fields of ancient Chinese society. In the process of the formation and elucidation of the Yi study, the description of the empirical facts is accompanied by the description of the empirical facts. It can be concluded that the establishment of its contents does not depend on the empirical facts, which is a special property of the Yi study. This makes it possible to accommodate scientific theories never seen before. Under such conditions, Hang Xinzhai and other scholars adopted the methods of unidirectional transplantation and combination of two branches of science to restate the achievements of modern science in the language of change of study, which formed the scientific easiness in the period of the Republic of China. Secondly, it discusses and analyzes the composition of science change. In the period of the Republic of China, there were not many researchers, including Hang Xinzhai, Shen Zhongtao, Ding Chaowu, Xue Xueqian and Liu Zihua. Time runs through the beginning and end of the Republic of China. The content of the Yi thought is mainly inherited from the predecessors, and the view of science has gradually developed from immaturity to maturity from Hang Xinzhai. Once again, it discusses and analyzes the influence of scientific changes on the period of the Republic of China. Different from previous studies, although the research motivation of the Republic of China is sympathetic to understanding, but based on the principle of seeking truth from facts, the impact of scientific Yi in the Republic of China period is not too optimistic. In the Republic of China, science was not widely influenced, so its researchers did not bring the natural sciences any closer to the public. And the public has no interest in science, even though it is more difficult for the public to learn than to touch the natural sciences. On the face of it, science facilitates the combination of learning and the times, but in fact it is not. This is discussed in detail in Chapter 4. Hang Xinzhai's criticism of ancient Yi was limited to the result. They believe that the Chinese science and technology lag behind and the country is weak. They did not make effective criticism of the unsuitable Chinese content of the Yi thought in the past. It is not enough to promote the development of Yi learning in the direction that the world needs. Finally, this paper reflects on the formation, composition and influence of the change of science in the Republic of China, and tries to put forward a need for the study of the change of science.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B221

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