试论因明与内明的关系
发布时间：2018-10-04 18:36
【摘要】：本文通过对比概念体系的结构,讨论因明与内明的关系。从因明关于认识来源的二分出发,考察因果性概念在两个系统中的地位,进而在因明的立场上由其认识理论划分出因明与内明之差异与契合:差异在于构造方式,即不同概念的地位不同,契合则是二者所指的同一。第一部分讨论因明的结构。主要叙述因明的认识论中认识方法及认识来源的划分,以及推理的三种形式在认识论体系中的地位,特别是果比量对因明先验论的连接意义。认识来源的划分搭建了理智与行为两个领域之间的桥梁,正确知识的目的是指导正确的行动,既然认识总是内在的,那么因此其正确性就依赖于认识来源划分所发现的两种方法的正确性,即正确的直观与正确的构造。直观意味着全然肯定,正确的构造则意味着正确地运用知性的能力。知性的能力是分别,“关系”被用来代指分别的种种形式:五种范畴代表着判断的五种情况,即表象和实在的五种否定性关系,推理则着重指出两个构造物之间是怎样区别开的:或者具有同一所指,或者其所指前后相随。第二部分讨论内明的结构。从狭义和广义两个方面以《瑜伽师地论·本地分三十八》论五明处部分和《解深密经》第四、五品的论证为内明的代表结构进行简要阐述。重点落在上一部分引出的比量因果律和这一部分中的道德因果律的对比上。在因明的认识论体系里,因果律是最基本的先验对象,道德的因果律是其特殊形式,行为和认识则是上一种的特殊形式,因而正确知识和正确行动的相续又是前者的特殊形式,所以也是真实的存在;而自我及诸法的真实性则只能以一般的因果律为前提,因而只能取得构造物的地位。但进一步被揭示出来的是,逻辑上所确定的先验的真实性仍然是有限度的,何谓“成就”与“正智”仍然需要一个“先验之先验”的基础,找出其“为所依止、建立”之处。最后,因明与内明的关系得以在此基础上被说明。因明与内明因其运用领域的不同而导致了两者概念体系之构造方式的差异,但按照因明的观点看待内明,在确定了其间区别仅属于知性内部之后,二者现实所指的同一性也得以确立。如果非要指出那同一所指为何物的话,则可以说是自证分1。因果关系的必然性得益于先验对象的存在,因此刹那相续是现比二分法的先验基础。具有效能的东西,或者效能本身,就可以称为佛教逻辑视角下的先验对象。考察两种认识来源,“我们得越出实际的经验活动,越出可观察的理性的意识或阈下意识活动”2,并设定有这样的实在之闪现和追随,从而确立真知(至少是经验上)的标准。这也就是说,事实是认识的前提,对于实际存在的东西,如果我们要把知性和它结合,就只能将其当作先验对象,以投入其中的方式成为某个因缘总体的一部分,而且是在后的部分。当然,在行动领域并不一定如此,尽管事实已经发生,但行动同样可以具有效能从而变成已经发生;又因为刹那相续既然存在于整个现实世界,我们的行动就有可能成为某个因果链条中在前的部分,即成为原因。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the relationship between Ming and Inner Ming by comparing the structure of concept system. From the dichotomy of Ming and Ming on the source of cognition, the status of the concept of traceability in two systems is investigated, and then the difference and fit between Ming and Inner Ming are divided by the recognition theory in the position of the Ming Dynasty: the difference lies in the structure mode, that is, the status of different concepts is different, The agreement is the same as that of the two. The first part discusses the structure of the account. This paper mainly describes the classification of cognitive methods and sources of cognition in the epistemology of Ming-ming, and the status of three forms of reasoning in epistemology system, especially the connection significance of the fruit-specific quantity to the original theory of epistemology. Recognizing that the division of the source establishes the bridge between the two fields of reason and behavior, the purpose of the correct knowledge is to direct the correct action, since it is always inherent, the correctness of the knowledge depends on the correctness of the two methods discovered by the classification of the source of knowledge, i.e. the correct visual and correct configuration. Intuitive means that it is absolutely certain that the correct construction means the ability to correctly apply the knowledge. The ability of intellectuality is that the 鈥淩ELATIONS鈥，
本文编号：2251446
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the relationship between Ming and Inner Ming by comparing the structure of concept system. From the dichotomy of Ming and Ming on the source of cognition, the status of the concept of traceability in two systems is investigated, and then the difference and fit between Ming and Inner Ming are divided by the recognition theory in the position of the Ming Dynasty: the difference lies in the structure mode, that is, the status of different concepts is different, The agreement is the same as that of the two. The first part discusses the structure of the account. This paper mainly describes the classification of cognitive methods and sources of cognition in the epistemology of Ming-ming, and the status of three forms of reasoning in epistemology system, especially the connection significance of the fruit-specific quantity to the original theory of epistemology. Recognizing that the division of the source establishes the bridge between the two fields of reason and behavior, the purpose of the correct knowledge is to direct the correct action, since it is always inherent, the correctness of the knowledge depends on the correctness of the two methods discovered by the classification of the source of knowledge, i.e. the correct visual and correct configuration. Intuitive means that it is absolutely certain that the correct construction means the ability to correctly apply the knowledge. The ability of intellectuality is that the 鈥淩ELATIONS鈥，
本文编号：2251446
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