蒙田怀疑主义思想研究
发布时间：2018-11-03 17:51
【摘要】：米歇尔·埃康·德·蒙田(Michel Eyquem de Montaigne,1533—1592)是文艺复兴时期法国人文主义思想家。蒙田生活的年代,法国从贵族到平民充满了对古典文化和艺术的向往和尊敬,加之绵延三十年的宗教战争,对思想的严厉禁锢,对异教徒荼毒残害,在蒙田心理刻下深深的烙印。尚古的文化氛围和动荡的社会现实使得蒙田思想的主要特征表现为怀疑主义。蒙田刻在勋章上的一句话代表他怀疑的核心,“我知道什么?”。蒙田的怀疑,是由于判断的不确定而怀疑人的理性认识能力;由于古典哲学各个派别的矛盾对立而怀疑古典先哲思想的可靠性;由于人类对神的种种揣测而怀疑基督教的权威和教义;由于人类与其他生物和谐共处而怀疑人的优越性。凡事存疑,而不做判断,是蒙田思想学说的原则。怀疑主义是其政治思想、宗教思想、生活哲学、道德哲学和文化相对主义的核心。蒙田对自我的醒悟、认识,对人性的揭露和批判,是其怀疑主义思想这棵树干上生长出来的枝桠和花朵。由于怀疑,他的文化相对主义思想表现为一种对异族文化的崇尚和赞美,他的宗教思想表现为一种对异教徒的宽容和理解,他的政治思想变现为一种对习俗和法律的认同,他的生活哲学表现为一种对心灵自由的追求和纯洁友谊的回顾,他的道德哲学表现为一种对善恶评判的行为标准。他的文化相对主义思想、宗教思想、政治思想、道德哲学、生活哲学都是从怀疑主义出发,推己及人,对动乱社会现实揭露和反思的结果。蒙田生活的年代战乱纷飞,作为时代的产物,他的作品充满了社会的冲突和对立,他的思想充满了困惑和迷茫,但是也充满了反思和憧憬。蒙田的怀疑主义思想体现了与下一个世纪的沟通和交流。思想的自由比行动的自由更早一步实现更新换代,启蒙思想家和浪漫主义者或多或少地受到了蒙田怀疑主义思想的某些启发,他的怀疑和宽容精神,对于多元文化的当代社会,更是有着重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Michel Econ de Montaigne (Michel Eyquem de Montaigne,1533-1592) is a French humanist thinker during the Renaissance. In the age of Montaigne's life, France was full of yearning and respect for classical culture and art from the aristocrats to the common people, in addition to the thirty years of religious war, the severe imprisonment of thought and the poisoning and maiming of heathen. In Montaigne psychology engraved under the deep brand. The cultural atmosphere and turbulent social reality make Montaigne's thought characterized by skepticism. Montaigne's inscription on the medal represents the heart of his doubt, "what do I know?" Montaigne's suspicion is to doubt the rational cognition ability of people because of the uncertainty of judgment, and to doubt the reliability of classical sage thought because of the contradiction and opposition of various schools of classical philosophy. Doubts about Christian authority and doctrine because of human speculation about God; doubts about man's superiority because he lives in harmony with other creatures. It is the principle of Montaigne's thought that there is doubt and no judgment. Skepticism is the core of its political thought, religious thought, philosophy of life, moral philosophy and cultural relativism. Montaigne's disillusionment, cognition and criticism of human nature are the branches and flowers growing on the trunk of his skepticism. As a result of doubt, his cultural relativism is manifested as a kind of respect and praise for the alien culture, his religious thought is a kind of tolerance and understanding to the infidel, and his political thought is realized as a kind of recognition of custom and law. His philosophy of life is a review of the pursuit of freedom of mind and pure friendship, and his moral philosophy is a standard of conduct in judging good and evil. His cultural relativism, religious thought, political thought, moral philosophy and philosophy of life are all the results of disclosing and reflecting on the reality of the troubled society. As the product of the times, Montaigne's works are full of social conflicts and opposites, his thoughts are full of confusion and confusion, but also full of reflection and longing. Montaigne's skepticism reflects the communication and communication with the next century. The freedom of thought was replaced one step earlier than the freedom of action. Enlightenment thinkers and romantics were more or less inspired by Montaigne's skepticism. It has important practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B565
本文编号：2308513
[Abstract]:Michel Econ de Montaigne (Michel Eyquem de Montaigne,1533-1592) is a French humanist thinker during the Renaissance. In the age of Montaigne's life, France was full of yearning and respect for classical culture and art from the aristocrats to the common people, in addition to the thirty years of religious war, the severe imprisonment of thought and the poisoning and maiming of heathen. In Montaigne psychology engraved under the deep brand. The cultural atmosphere and turbulent social reality make Montaigne's thought characterized by skepticism. Montaigne's inscription on the medal represents the heart of his doubt, "what do I know?" Montaigne's suspicion is to doubt the rational cognition ability of people because of the uncertainty of judgment, and to doubt the reliability of classical sage thought because of the contradiction and opposition of various schools of classical philosophy. Doubts about Christian authority and doctrine because of human speculation about God; doubts about man's superiority because he lives in harmony with other creatures. It is the principle of Montaigne's thought that there is doubt and no judgment. Skepticism is the core of its political thought, religious thought, philosophy of life, moral philosophy and cultural relativism. Montaigne's disillusionment, cognition and criticism of human nature are the branches and flowers growing on the trunk of his skepticism. As a result of doubt, his cultural relativism is manifested as a kind of respect and praise for the alien culture, his religious thought is a kind of tolerance and understanding to the infidel, and his political thought is realized as a kind of recognition of custom and law. His philosophy of life is a review of the pursuit of freedom of mind and pure friendship, and his moral philosophy is a standard of conduct in judging good and evil. His cultural relativism, religious thought, political thought, moral philosophy and philosophy of life are all the results of disclosing and reflecting on the reality of the troubled society. As the product of the times, Montaigne's works are full of social conflicts and opposites, his thoughts are full of confusion and confusion, but also full of reflection and longing. Montaigne's skepticism reflects the communication and communication with the next century. The freedom of thought was replaced one step earlier than the freedom of action. Enlightenment thinkers and romantics were more or less inspired by Montaigne's skepticism. It has important practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B565
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