诠释学与现象学的汇通之路:从“意识事实”到“此在的实际性”

发布时间：2018-11-20 06:47

【摘要】：在二十世纪德国的生命哲学和存在哲学中,曾开展出以生命和生存为根基综合诠释学和现象学的路向。确实,"生命—生存"、"意义"和"体验"之间存在内在关联,所以这种综合有其内在的合理性。然而,由于生命哲学、存在哲学、诠释学和现象学有着不同的渊源,所关心的问题和涉及的范围各不相同,所以它们之间的综合存在不同的方式或路向转换问题。诠释学有着源远流长的发展历程。它脱胎于古代圣经学、历史学、文学的研究,在近代才有哲学诠释学出现。不同的哲学基础塑造不同的哲学诠释学。其中,施莱尔马赫的建立在近代主体哲学基础上的诠释学和狄尔泰的以生命哲学为基础的诠释学在诠释学发展史上意义重大。胡塞尔是现象学的创始人,它把现象学方法视为一条通向严格科学的途径。狄尔泰为了寻找诠释的可靠基础尝试援用现象学的直观方法,但这导致先验的主体意识现象与历史中发生的生命—生存的现象之间的矛盾。狄尔泰可谓近现代第一个尝试把现象学与诠释学相结合而又发现其中困难的哲学家。虽说狄尔泰解决这一困难的方案还不能令人满意,但他为海德格尔的"实际性诠释学"(以此在为出发点的一种把现象学与诠释学相结合的途径)开了先河。海德格尔以此在为出发点,提出了"此在的实际性"并由此开辟了将现象学与诠释学相结合的新途径。
[Abstract]:In the life philosophy and existential philosophy of Germany in the 20th century, the direction of comprehensive hermeneutics and phenomenology based on life and existence was developed. Indeed, there is an inherent relationship between life-survival, meaning and experience, so this synthesis has its inherent rationality. However, the philosophy of life, existential philosophy, hermeneutics and phenomenology have different origins, different concerns and different scope, so there are different ways or ways of transformation between them. Hermeneutics has a long history. It was born out of the studies of ancient scriptures, history and literature, and it was only in modern times that philosophical hermeneutics emerged. Different philosophical foundations shape different philosophical hermeneutics. Among them, Hermeneutics based on modern subject philosophy and Dilthey's hermeneutics based on life philosophy are of great significance in the history of hermeneutics. Husserl, the founder of phenomenology, regards phenomenological methods as a path to strict science. In order to find the reliable basis of interpretation, Dilthey tried to use the visual method of phenomenology, but this led to the contradiction between the transcendental subjective consciousness phenomenon and the life-survival phenomenon in history. Dilthey is the first philosopher to try to combine phenomenology with hermeneutics and find them difficult. Although Dilthey's solution to this difficulty is not satisfactory, he pioneered Heidegger's "practical hermeneutics" (a way of combining phenomenology and hermeneutics). Heidegger took this as the starting point and put forward "the reality of this being" and thus opened up a new way to combine phenomenology with hermeneutics.
【作者单位】：复旦大学哲学学院;
【分类号】：B089

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