科学划界的社会建构主义进路初探
发布时间：2018-12-13 12:31
【摘要】：科学划界(demarcation of science)问题一直都是科学哲学中的一个基本问题,科学哲学家不断地对科学划界问题进行着探究,划界问题是每一个科学哲学家都无法回避的问题,可以说每一位科学哲学家的思想之中都蕴含了他的科学划界的思想,科学划界的思想从远至巴门尼德时代的自然哲学家到最新的科学实践哲学家的思想中都可以进行探究。传统的科学哲学一直试图为科学与非科学划定一个界限,但始终无法给出一个令人满意的答案。到20世纪70年代,社会学家们把研究领域从传统的科学制度与科学框架的研究上转移到对科学知识本身的研究中来,科学哲学出现了从本质主义到社会建构主义的转向,科学划界思想也出现了从本质主义的划界转向了社会建构的科学划界。本文旨在从科学哲学史的角度对科学知识社会学的思想及其科学划界思想做一个初探。文章首先介绍科学划界思想的发展源流,包括古代自然哲学家,近代划界主义者以及现当代的传统科学哲学家的划界思想。然后阐述科学知识社会学各个学派的思想,剖析其对传统科学哲学或其他纲领的继承与突破,接着从各学派的思想当中抽离出其所蕴含的关于科学划界的思想,科学知识社会学中的“强纲领”及众亚纲领的划界思想相继经历了从宏观的外在因素的社会磋商到微观的内部因素的社会磋商,再到引入实验室概念并内外综合考虑影响社会磋商的因素的一个过程。最后阐述受实验室学派影响而产生的把考察“实践”放在第一位的科学实践哲学,分析科学实践哲学目前发展状况及其与实验室学派的联系,并分析其所蕴含的划界思想及目前发展的困境与未来发展出路。科学知识社会对科学哲学的发展起了一个承上启下的作用,因此从科学哲学史的角度来研究社会建构主义的科学划界思想具有十分重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The (demarcation of science) problem of scientific demarcation has always been a basic problem in the philosophy of science. Scientific philosophers are constantly exploring the problem of scientific demarcation, which is an unavoidable problem for every philosopher of science. It can be said that every thought of scientific philosopher contains his thought of scientific demarcation, and the thought of scientific demarcation can be explored from the natural philosopher of Parmenides era to the latest philosopher of scientific practice. Traditional philosophy of science has been trying to draw a line between science and non-science, but can not give a satisfactory answer. In the 1970s, sociologists shifted the research field from the traditional scientific system and the scientific framework to the scientific knowledge itself, and the philosophy of science turned from essentialism to social constructivism. The idea of scientific demarcation has also changed from essentialism to social construction. The purpose of this paper is to make a preliminary study on the thought of sociology of scientific knowledge and the thought of scientific demarcation from the point of view of the history of scientific philosophy. This paper first introduces the development of scientific demarcation thought, including the ancient natural philosophers, modern delimiters and modern traditional scientific philosophers. Then it expounds the thought of each school of sociology of scientific knowledge, analyzes its inheritance and breakthrough to the traditional philosophy of science or other programs, and then draws from the thought of each school of thought the thought of scientific demarcation contained in it. In the sociology of scientific knowledge, the concept of "strong program" and "many sub-programs" have experienced social consultation from macroscopic external factors to microcosmic internal factors. Then there is the process of introducing the concept of laboratory and synthetically considering the factors influencing social consultation. Finally, the author expounds the philosophy of scientific practice, which is influenced by the laboratory school and puts "practice" in the first place, and analyzes the current development of the philosophy of practice of science and its relation with the school of laboratory. The paper also analyzes the Delimitation thought and the predicament of the present development and the way out for the future development. The society of scientific knowledge plays an important role in the development of philosophy of science, so it is of great significance to study the scientific demarcation thought of social constructivism from the perspective of the history of scientific philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：N02
[Abstract]:The (demarcation of science) problem of scientific demarcation has always been a basic problem in the philosophy of science. Scientific philosophers are constantly exploring the problem of scientific demarcation, which is an unavoidable problem for every philosopher of science. It can be said that every thought of scientific philosopher contains his thought of scientific demarcation, and the thought of scientific demarcation can be explored from the natural philosopher of Parmenides era to the latest philosopher of scientific practice. Traditional philosophy of science has been trying to draw a line between science and non-science, but can not give a satisfactory answer. In the 1970s, sociologists shifted the research field from the traditional scientific system and the scientific framework to the scientific knowledge itself, and the philosophy of science turned from essentialism to social constructivism. The idea of scientific demarcation has also changed from essentialism to social construction. The purpose of this paper is to make a preliminary study on the thought of sociology of scientific knowledge and the thought of scientific demarcation from the point of view of the history of scientific philosophy. This paper first introduces the development of scientific demarcation thought, including the ancient natural philosophers, modern delimiters and modern traditional scientific philosophers. Then it expounds the thought of each school of sociology of scientific knowledge, analyzes its inheritance and breakthrough to the traditional philosophy of science or other programs, and then draws from the thought of each school of thought the thought of scientific demarcation contained in it. In the sociology of scientific knowledge, the concept of "strong program" and "many sub-programs" have experienced social consultation from macroscopic external factors to microcosmic internal factors. Then there is the process of introducing the concept of laboratory and synthetically considering the factors influencing social consultation. Finally, the author expounds the philosophy of scientific practice, which is influenced by the laboratory school and puts "practice" in the first place, and analyzes the current development of the philosophy of practice of science and its relation with the school of laboratory. The paper also analyzes the Delimitation thought and the predicament of the present development and the way out for the future development. The society of scientific knowledge plays an important role in the development of philosophy of science, so it is of great significance to study the scientific demarcation thought of social constructivism from the perspective of the history of scientific philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：N02
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