道家需要理论及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-12-17 20:28

【摘要】：伴随着中国改革开放进程的加快,人们的物质生活水平不断提高,物质产品日益丰富。与此同时,围绕着人的需要与社会生产之间的矛盾却没有因此得以缓解,反而造成了一系列更为严峻的社会问题。如果任由这一趋势发展,人的自身和社会的发展都将失去可能性。本文基于对马克思主义文本、道家文献的理论梳理,在借鉴国内外学者既有研究成果的基础上,结合中国社会发展中人的需要的异化这一重大现实问题,分析和概括传统文化中道家的需要理论及其对于人的发展和社会发展所具有的当代价值。论文内容共分为四章:序言部分综述了马克思主义的需要理论以及道家需要理论的研究意义,以及该论题在国内外的研究现状;并且在现有研究的基础上以道家哲学为新的切入点对马克思主义的需要理论加以研究。第二章对需要理论相关哲学概念进行梳理,作为研究道家需要理论的基本依据。马克思主义认为人的需要即人为了维持自身的延续和发展而产生的对外界事物的各种要求,包括以主观性为表现的客观性、以物质性为基础的多样性、以个体性为前提的社会性和与历史性相伴的无限性四个基本特征;人的需要可划分为历时态结构和共时态结构,可分为生存、享受和发展的三个层次;从价值角度可以将人的需要分为合理需要与不合理需要,它们对于人的发展具有重要作用。第三章论述道家需要理论的具体内容。道家需要理论的逻辑起点是以“道”为核心的本体论,同时它也是构成道家人性论的基础。从马克思主义需要理论的视角,道家的需要理论可以概括为四个方面:以养生和保民为内容的生存需要、以适欲与安乐为内容的享乐需要、以功业与逍遥为内容的发展需要。第四章是本文的主要研究方面,揭示道家需要理论的当代价值。通过借鉴道家需要理论中“天人合一”、“适欲安乐”、“足性逍遥”的思想,在现实生活中协调人与自然、人与社会以及人与自身的关系。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of China's reform and opening-up process, people's material living standards are constantly improving, and material products are increasingly rich. At the same time, the contradiction between human needs and social production has not been alleviated, but has resulted in a series of more severe social problems. If this trend is allowed to develop, people's own and social development will lose the possibility. Based on the theoretical analysis of Marxist texts and Taoist literature, this paper combines the dissimilation of human needs in the development of Chinese society on the basis of the existing research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars. This paper analyzes and generalizes the theory of Taoist needs in traditional culture and its contemporary value for human and social development. The content of the thesis is divided into four chapters: the preface summarizes the significance of the research on the Marxist theory of need and the Taoist theory of need, and the present situation of the research on this topic at home and abroad; And on the basis of the existing research, Taoist philosophy as a new entry point to the needs of Marxism theory to be studied. The second chapter combs the relevant philosophical concepts of need theory as the basic basis for the study of Taoist needs theory. Marxism holds that human needs are all kinds of demands on external things which are produced by human beings in order to maintain their own continuity and development, including the objectivity expressed by subjectivity and the diversity based on materiality. The four basic characteristics of sociality based on individuality and infinity concomitant with history; Human needs can be divided into historical temporal structure and co-temporal structure, which can be divided into three levels of survival, enjoyment and development, and human needs can be divided into rational needs and unreasonable needs from the perspective of value, which play an important role in human development. The third chapter discusses the specific content of Taoist needs theory. The logical starting point of Taoist needs theory is the ontology with Tao as the core, and it is also the basis of the Taoist theory of human nature. From the perspective of Marxist theory of need, the theory of needs of Taoism can be summed up in four aspects: the need for survival with the content of health preservation and protection of the people, the need for enjoyment with the content of fitness and comfort, and the need for the development of the content of merit and pleasure. The fourth chapter is the main research aspect of this paper, revealing the contemporary value of Taoist needs theory. By drawing lessons from the thought of "harmony of nature and man", "comfort of desire" and "free and unfettered nature" in the theory of Taoist needs, the relationship between man and nature, between man and society, and between man and himself in real life is studied.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B223

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