孔孟倡导“三年之丧”的政治目的和文化考量
发布时间：2018-12-29 11:03
【摘要】："三年之丧"原本只有少数东夷贵族在先周时代间或实行。夏人应行"七七之丧"。西周官方则行天子七月、诸侯五月、大夫三月、士二月之丧,但亦称为"三年之丧",可见"三年之丧"后已成了传统丧礼的通名。晚周礼崩乐坏,甚至连最守周礼的周国鲁国都不再实行"三年之丧"了。孔孟反复倡导"三年之丧",甚至说此乃三代"自天子达于庶人""天下之通丧",主要是为了托古改制,其政治目的有二:一是帮助新君利用血统上和宗教上的合法性,通过漫长丧期的逐步过渡,最终获得政治上的合法性,从而实现权力的平稳交接;二是在社会失范、君臣失序的晚周时代,通过倡导传统丧礼,进而倡导孝道忠道,恢复"君君,臣臣,父父,子子"的政治秩序和社会秩序,让天下重归安宁。其文化目的则是,保存先进的华夏文明,避免华夏诸族蛮夷化。
[Abstract]:"three years of mourning" originally only a few Dongyi aristocrats in the early Zhou period or implementation. Summer people should be "seven mourning." Western Zhou officials held the emperor's July, princes in May, doctors in March, officials in February, but also known as "three years of mourning", can be seen after the "three years of mourning" has become the general name of the traditional funeral. Even the state of Lu, the most obedient state of Zhou, no longer carried out three years of mourning. Confucius and Mencius have repeatedly advocated "three years of mourning," and even said that this was the "mourning of the world" for three generations, mainly for the sake of the reform of the ancient system. Its political purposes were twofold: one was to help the new monarch take advantage of the legitimacy of lineage and religion. Through the gradual transition of the long period of mourning, the political legitimacy is finally obtained, thus the smooth transfer of power is realized; Second, in the late Zhou Dynasty, when the society was out of order and monarch and minister were out of order, the political and social order of "monarch, minister, father, son" was restored by advocating traditional funeral ceremony, and then advocating filial duty and loyalty, so that the world could return to peace again. Its cultural purpose is to preserve the advanced Chinese civilization, to avoid the barbarian ethnic groups.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学文学院;
【分类号】：B222
本文编号：2394754
[Abstract]:"three years of mourning" originally only a few Dongyi aristocrats in the early Zhou period or implementation. Summer people should be "seven mourning." Western Zhou officials held the emperor's July, princes in May, doctors in March, officials in February, but also known as "three years of mourning", can be seen after the "three years of mourning" has become the general name of the traditional funeral. Even the state of Lu, the most obedient state of Zhou, no longer carried out three years of mourning. Confucius and Mencius have repeatedly advocated "three years of mourning," and even said that this was the "mourning of the world" for three generations, mainly for the sake of the reform of the ancient system. Its political purposes were twofold: one was to help the new monarch take advantage of the legitimacy of lineage and religion. Through the gradual transition of the long period of mourning, the political legitimacy is finally obtained, thus the smooth transfer of power is realized; Second, in the late Zhou Dynasty, when the society was out of order and monarch and minister were out of order, the political and social order of "monarch, minister, father, son" was restored by advocating traditional funeral ceremony, and then advocating filial duty and loyalty, so that the world could return to peace again. Its cultural purpose is to preserve the advanced Chinese civilization, to avoid the barbarian ethnic groups.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学文学院;
【分类号】：B222
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