论康德道德神学对心灵秩序的自由根基重置

发布时间：2019-02-22 18:31

【摘要】：探讨伦理道德与宗教信仰的关系以确证道德发展秩序的根基是道德哲学的一个重要论域,康德以此建构其道德神学;基于对启蒙的内在困境与现代伦理悖谬的深刻领悟,康德试图通过道德理性自身的启蒙以及宗教的启蒙确证现代理性道德信念,使自主性自由的理念成为道德神学最强有力的建构性原理,不仅将上帝存有的道德证明的实在性意义限制于主体性确证的实践理性自由领域从而超越了自然实在论,而且促进了宗教信仰的世俗化进程,即实现了向"信仰性道德"这一现代信仰形式的根本性转变。然而,无论是基于意志自律的信仰性道德还是纯然理性限度内的宗教,都招致了诸多质疑与误解,最终把心灵秩序或弃恶向善这一心灵改变的根基问题呈现出来;对于心灵秩序的根基究竟应该是恩典自由还是理性自主自由的辨正,则涉及人文道德与宗教信仰关联的复杂性、康德自由理论对于"自我本性"与"主体性自由"的确然区分、现代人文主体的人性自救与上帝恩典之间存在着的矛盾张力等问题的认识。
[Abstract]:Exploring the relationship between ethics and religious belief to confirm the foundation of moral development order is an important field of moral philosophy, and Kant constructs his moral theology. Based on the deep understanding of the inner predicament of enlightenment and the paradox of modern ethics, Kant tries to confirm the moral belief of modern reason through the enlightenment of moral reason itself and the enlightenment of religion. The idea of autonomy and freedom becomes the most powerful constructive principle of moral theology, which not only limits the real meaning of God's moral proof to the field of practical rationality freedom, but also transcends natural realism. It also promotes the secularization process of religious belief, that is, realizing the fundamental transformation to "belief morality", a modern form of belief. However, both the belief morality based on self-discipline of will and religion within the limits of pure rationality have attracted many questions and misunderstandings, and finally presented the fundamental problem of spiritual order or abandoning evil to good. Whether the foundation of spiritual order should be the freedom of grace or the correction of rational and autonomous freedom is related to the complexity of the connection between humanistic morality and religious belief. Kant's freedom theory does distinguish between "self nature" and "subjective freedom". The understanding of the contradiction between human nature and God's grace.
【作者单位】：盐城师范学院马克思主义学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金后期资助项目“和谐社会心态及其培育路径的精神哲学研究”(16FZX036)研究成果
【分类号】：B516.31

【相似文献】